en-us	"Component module" refers to the standard modular task decomposition of modeling components according to the interdependence between components, which can realize multi person cross parallel modeling.
zh-cn	“构件模块”是指根据构件间的相互依附关系，对建模构件进行标准模块化任务分解，可实现多人交叉并行建模。

en-us	"Internet+ " Smart Road Maintenance and Management Technology
zh-cn	“互联网+”智慧公路养护管理技术

en-us	"Layer Module" refers to reorganizing and planning the modeling sequence according to the characteristics of each standard layer of architectural and structural construction drawings, so as to make the modeling work more clear and smooth.
zh-cn	“层模块”是指根据建筑、结构施工图各标准层的特点，重新组织规划建模顺序，使建模工作思路更加清晰顺畅。

en-us	"Park City" is a new development concept which combines the construction of ecological civilization and people-centered concept.
zh-cn	“公园城市”理念是将生态文明建设和以人民为中心相结合的新发展理念，

en-us	"Welfare cultural ecology" is a highly developed cultural balance and a social product that increasingly satisfies citizens' material and spiritual needs, including material and spiritual welfare.
zh-cn	“福祉文化生态”是一种高度发展的文化平衡，是一种日益满足市民对物质和精神的社会产品，这种产品包括物质、精神等层面的福利。

en-us	( 1) peer supervision plays a positive role in promoting work enthusiasm;
zh-cn	( 1) 横向监督对顾客参与创新的工作 积极性有一定的推动作用;

en-us	( 2) Government support has a significant positive impact on enterprise R&D investment.
zh-cn	( 2) 政府支持对企业 R＆D 投入具有 显著正向影响。

en-us	( 2) the optimal effective time of innovative customer with high equity preference under peer supervision is longer than the optimal effective time of innovative customer with low equity preference;
zh-cn	( 2) 当存在横向监督时，高公平偏好创新顾客会比低公平偏好创新顾客投入更长的 最优有效参与时间;

en-us	( 3) R&D investment plays a mediating role in the relationship between government support and technological innovation performance.
zh-cn	( 3) 企业 R＆D 投入在政府支持与技术创新绩效关系间具有中介作用。

en-us	( 3) heterogeneous preference teams and high horizontal preference teams are always better than homogeneous preference teams;
zh-cn	(3) 混合组合团队和高偏好组合团队总是优于同质组合团队;

en-us	( 4) Compared with state-owned enterprises, R&D investment of non-state-owned enterprises have a stronger impact on technological innovation performance. Compared with small and medium-sized enterprises, R&D investment of large enterprises have a stronger impact on technological innovation performance.
zh-cn	( 4) 与国有企业相比，非 国有企业的 R＆D 投入强度对技术创新绩效的影响更强; 与中小型企业相比，大型企业的 R＆D 投入强度对技术 创新绩效的影响更强。

en-us	( School of Business, University of Shanghai for Science and Teclnology, Shanghai 200093, China, E-mail: czcbdqh@163.com) Abstract:The complexity and uncertainty of major infrastructure projects systems make it important to study the strategy choice ofrisk management in major infrastructure projects.
zh-cn	重大基础设施工程系统的复杂性、不确定性，使得研究重大工程风险管理主体的策略选择行为具有重要的现实意义。

en-us	(1) Based on the summarization of the development of international and domestic engineering consulting industry, it analyzes the current problems within the domestic engineering consulting industry. It also studies the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing by China's engineering consulting industry with the analysis tool of SWOT, and defines the features and implications of engineering consulting industry.
zh-cn	(1) 在归纳、总结国内外工程咨询业发展的基础上，对国内工程咨询业存在的问题进行了分析，使用SWOT分析工具对我国工程咨询业的优势、劣势、机会和威胁进行了剖析，并界定了工程咨询业的特点与内涵。

en-us	(1) Due to the limit of the length and time, this paper did not study the problems of applying FIDIC contract conditions in China.
zh-cn	(1)本论文的研究没有局限于对FIDIC合同条款的逐个研究，而是在研究条款的基础上总结提炼出贯穿该合同条件的核心理念以及具体原则，并且指出这些原则得以贯彻的保障。

en-us	(1) In the depiction of development process about management, the motive force trend and outlook of management has been expatiated.
zh-cn	(1)管理发展的回顾与展望，阐述了项目管理的发展历程，项目管理发展的原动力分析，项目管理的发展趋势展望。

en-us	(1) The rewards size has a positive impact on referral intention, while the effort level has a negative effect.
zh-cn	(1)平台感知奖励额度对消费者推荐意愿有正向影响，而感知努力程度对消费者推荐意愿有负向影响；

en-us	(1) This dissertation evaluates a series of methods for construction schedule determination and analysis. This research identified the applicable conditions, characteristics and limitations of these methods.
zh-cn	(1）通过对各类确定工期和进度分析方法的研究，识别出不同方法的适用条件、应用特点及其局限性。

en-us	(1) policy uncertainty is negatively related to enterprise performance, that is, the more uncertain the policy, the lower enterprise performance;
zh-cn	(1)政策不确定性与企业绩效呈负相关关系,即政策越不确定,企业绩效越低;

en-us	(1) taking the core drilling method test results as the standard, the geological radar method has a fast test speed, but the test results are greatly affected by the internal reinforcement of the second lining and the analysts and its test error is “-2.5cm~+4.7cm”;
zh-cn	(1)以钻芯法测试结果为标准物，探地雷达法具有测试速度快，测试结果受二衬内部钢筋及分析人员影响较大，其测试误差为“-2.5～+4.7cm”；

en-us	(1) the energy of the vibrating wheel is mainly concentrated in the low frequency part, and as the number of rolling passes increases, the energy carried by the vibrating wheel increases gradually, but the energy is more dispersed and the transmission efficiency is low;
zh-cn	(1)振动轮能量主要集中于低频部分，且随着碾压遍数的增加，振动轮所携带的能量逐渐增加，但能量较为分散且传递效率偏低；

en-us	(1) the variation coefficients of physical and mechanical indexes of clayey soils are small when the buried depth exceeds 100 m, which shows that the data is less discrete and can be analyzed statistically;
zh-cn	(1)该区埋深100 m以下的黏性土物理力学指标的变异系数较小，说明数据的离散程度较小，能够进行统计分析；

en-us	(2) After platform channel extension, customers get into three cross-platform channel habits, and those with the habit of keeping the cross-channel usage are of the highest value. (3) Customers' duration of using the original platform channel has negative impacts on keeping the cross-channel usage habit.
zh-cn	研究发现:(1)顾客跨平台渠道扩展行为显著提升顾客价值;(2)扩展平台渠道后顾客形成三种渠道使用习惯,其中维持跨平台渠道习惯的顾客具有最高价值;(3)顾客在原有平台渠道的使用时长对顾客维持跨平台渠道使用习惯有负向影响,而顾客在新平台渠道初次交叉购买对维持跨平台渠道使用习惯有正向影响。

en-us	(2) Community regulation can be divided into four types by the two dimensions of the perception of institutional power and trustful power: the mandatory institutional regulation, the compliance institutional regulation, the rational trustful regulation, and the implicit trustful regulation.
zh-cn	二是从制度力感知和信任力感知两个维度，可以将社群规制聚类为强制性制度规制、合规性制度规制、合理性信任规制和隐含性信任规制等四种类型；

en-us	(2) Compared with the prevention focus, the promotion focus is more conducive to improving of consumers' referral intention.
zh-cn	(2)相对于防范性导向心理，促进性导向心理更有利于提升消费者的推荐意愿；

en-us	(2) Hilbert-Huang transformed spectrum can comprehensively and systematically reflect the time-domain characteristics of the vibration signal at any time.
zh-cn	(2)Hilbert-Huang变换谱能够全面、系统地反映任意时刻振动信号的时域特征，

en-us	(2) The history of China Shipyards expanding projects of ocean engineering is introduced.
zh-cn	(2)船舶工业开拓海洋工程项目的回顾，

en-us	(2) The other limit the paper derives from the limited experience of the author.
zh-cn	(2)本论文在FIDIC合同条件的理念指导下研究了我国的建设工程项目管理，分析总结了其现状，指出了投资、进度、风险和质量控制方面的不足之处，并且借鉴FIDIC的原则对其改进提出了建议。

en-us	(2) Using mixed integral programming method, this study puts forward thetime-cost optimize general model that having considered the linearity, non-linearity anddispersed time-cost relationships. Then, the time-cost optimize models subject to construction time and resources were developed.
zh-cn	(2）应用混合整数规划方法建立工期成本优化的混合整数规划一般模型，可以综合考虑工期成本关系为线性、非线性以及离散时的情形，并在此基础上建立了工期受限时和资源受限时的工期成本优化模型；还通过应用图论方法建立了工期成本优化图论模型。

en-us	(2) When the geometry of the basin interface is semi-ellipse, the focus of a basin can be summarized within a given region.
zh-cn	二是当盆地的几何形状为半椭圆时，聚焦的焦点在一定的区域内。

en-us	(2) With recognition of the basic activities and elements of knowledge value chain for engineering consulting companies, the paper discusses the value chain of engineering consulting companies by using relative theory of Value Chain.
zh-cn	(2) 在识别了工程咨询公司的基本活动和知识价值链的要素的基础上，论文运用价值链理论分析了工程咨询公司的价值链。

en-us	(2) policy uncertainty is positively related to financing constraints, that is, the more uncertain the policy, the stronger the enterprise financing constraints;
zh-cn	(2)政策不确定性与融资约束呈正相关关系,即政策越不确定,企业面临的融资约束越强;

en-us	(2) the linear relations between liquid limit, natural water content, natural void ratio, plasticity index and compression index are established by regression analysis, which can predict the maximum, median and minimum value of the compression index;
zh-cn	(2)通过回归分析建立了液限、天然含水率、天然孔隙比、塑性指数与压缩指数的线性关系，并能够预测压缩指数的最大值、中间值和最小值；

en-us	(2) the test result of the core drilling method is used as the standard.
zh-cn	(2)以钻芯法测试结果为标准物，

en-us	(3) Furthermore, relatively optimal community regulations could be chosen to match different types of virtual community platforms.
zh-cn	三是不同类型的虚拟社群平台有相对最优的社群规制与之匹配。

en-us	(3) In accordance with the related theories and methods of Service Quality and the features of Service Quality Management of engineering consulting industry, it designs an evaluation system and the work process which can comprehensively reflect the service quality of engineering consulting industry. Besides, it puts forward quality evaluation methods for engineering consulting industry and finally probes into implementation of the evaluation system from the aspect of assessment technology support.
zh-cn	(3)本文运用服务质量相关理论与方法，结合工程咨询业服务质管理的特点，设计出能够全面反映工程咨询业服务质量的评价体系和评价体系工作流程，提出了工程咨询业质量评价方法：最后从测评技术支持方面探讨测评体系的实施。

en-us	(3) The mode of quality management in FPSO construction is introduced. The quality management is the one of three key points for the project success. Shipyard should establish particular ships in the particular way that construct and establish validly the shipbuilding quality systems.
zh-cn	(3) FPSO建造中项目质量管理模式，项目质量管理是项目成功关键要素之一，船舶建造项目管理要制定该特定船舶建造的质量方针，建立有效的造船质量体系；

en-us	(3) The relationship between platform referral reward perception and consumers' self-regulation focus is regulated by the revenue spatial distance.
zh-cn	(3)平台推荐奖励感知与消费者自我调节导向心理之间受到收益空间距离远近的调节，

en-us	(3) This dissertation uses system dynamics theory to seek the effects of schedule pressure on construction performance.
zh-cn	(3）应用系统动力学分析工期压力对整个工程项目的影响。

en-us	(3) the core drilling method is damage detection, and the test results are the most accurate.
zh-cn	(3)钻芯法为破损检测，测试结果最为准确，

en-us	(3) the frequency of predicted compression index obeys normal distribution by using natural void ratio and natural water content, and it is more accurate to predict compression index by natural void ratio.
zh-cn	(3)利用天然含水率、天然孔隙比预测压缩指数的频数服从正态分布，采用天然孔隙比预测压缩指数较为准确

en-us	(3) the signal stability measurement in the random signal theory is introduced into the stability characterization of compaction quality, and the algorithm is used the application provides a fast, comprehensive and real-time characterization method for the stability of compaction quality, which can analyze and evaluate the stability of compaction quality from different rolling passes and different positions, and then guide the operation of the roller driver.
zh-cn	(3)将随机信号理论中的信号平稳性度量引入压实质量的稳定性表征，通过算法的应用，提供了一种快速、全面、实时性强的压实质量稳定性表征方法，可以从不同碾压遍数、不同位置分析评估压实质量的稳定性，进而指导压路机驾驶员的操作。

en-us	(3) the stronger the financing constraints, the stronger the negative impact of policy uncertainty on enterprise performance;
zh-cn	(3)企业面临的融资约束越强,政策不确定性对企业绩效的负向影响越强;

en-us	(4) In this paper, a deep analysis of the necessity and feasibility regarding the market cultivation of engineering consulting industry is conducted. Product pricing, customer behavior, marketing strategies in the engineering consulting marketing are also studied.
zh-cn	(4)本文深入分析了工程咨询业市场培育的必要性和可行性，并对工程咨询营销中产品定价、客户行为、营销策略进行了研究。

en-us	(4) The connotation and kinds of "project plan”is described.
zh-cn	(4)阐述项目计划内涵，分类，

en-us	(4) Using literatures review and statistics method, this dissertation identifies and analyzes the causes of delays in construction projects in different countries or regions. Moreover, Tri-dimension (party, time, and category) model of causes of delays in construction projects is established.
zh-cn	(4）运用文献计量方法识别、归纳并分析国际上多个国家和地区工期延误的影响因素，建立了以相关方、影响因素和时间为维度的工期延误分析模型。

en-us	(4) a formula for the correction of the average value of the ground penetrating radar detection results with the core drilling method as the standard is established.
zh-cn	(4)建立了以钻芯法为标准物的探地雷达法检测结果平均值进行修正公式，

en-us	(4) compared with state-owned enterprise, the negative moderating effect of financing constraints on the relationship between policy uncertainty and enterprise performance is stronger in private enterprise.
zh-cn	(4)与国有企业相比,民营企业中,融资约束对政策不确定性与企业绩效关系的负向调节更强。

en-us	(4) the choice of heterogeneous preference teams or high horizontal preference teams is based on the function relationship.
zh-cn	( 4) 可通过函数关系确定混合 组合团队与高偏好组合团队的最优选择。

en-us	(5) The paper makes classification and identification of the consulting engineering industry's risk by utilizing the theory of Risk Management. Risk control measures at different phases of consulting engineering are ascertained and comprehensive risk assessment methods for engineering consulting projects are also established.
zh-cn	(5）本文运用风险管理理论对工程咨询业的风险进行了分类和工程咨询不同阶段的风险控制措施和工程咨询项目综合风险评价方法。

en-us	(5) This part include projects purchases and commerce managements.
zh-cn	(5)阐述项目采办和商务管理两方面内容。

en-us	(6) Based on the view of the present situation of investigation design consulting industry, it analyzes the industry's efficiency issue from the static and dynamic perspectives with the method of DEA. The paper figures out the development change trends of investigation design industry and major causes for these changes which can provide guidance to accelerate the development 0 China's investigation design industry.
zh-cn	(6)在分析勘察设计咨询业现状的基础上，论文运用DEA方法从静态和动态两个角度研究了我国勘察设计咨询业的效率问题，找到我国勘察设计业自身的一些发展变化趋势，并发现产生这些变化的主要原因，从而为加快我国勘察设计业的发展提供指导。

en-us	(6) The system of HSE (Health Safety Environment) is established in FPSO project. The HSE guide line and target,, training and education, responsibility and document, risk management and the safety educations of special kind homework person are described.
zh-cn	(6)阐述FPSO-3项目HSE (Health Safety Environment〉管理体系的建立，包括HSE方针与目标，培训与教育，项目安全交底，特种作业人员安全教育，组织机构、职责和文件，风险管理与预防等等。

en-us	(7) The paper also examines the new circumstances for China's consulting industry against the network environment, and gives a system integration mode of knowledge service innovation for consulting engineering industry.
zh-cn	(7)本文还研究了网络环境下我国咨询业内部面临的新情况，提出了工程咨询业知识服务创新的系统整合模式。

en-us	(The following is in the Chinese phonetic alphabet order)
zh-cn	（以下按姓氏笔画排列）

en-us	(The following ones are arranged according to their family name strokes.)
zh-cn	（以下按姓氏笔画排列）

en-us	(a) Cross-seam masonry with one course of stretcher and one course of header; (b) Saddle-seam masonry with one course of stretcher and one course of header; (c) Plum blossom butyl masonry; (d) Masonry with three courses of stretcher and one course of header
zh-cn	（a）一顺一丁的十字缝砌法；（b）一顺一丁的骑马缝砌法；（c）梅花丁砌法；（4）三顺一丁砌法

en-us	(a) Rectangle tie member; (b) Z-shaped tie member; (c) Welded mesh sheet; (d) Adjustable tie member
zh-cn	（a）矩形拉结件；（b）Z型拉结件；（c）焊接网片；（d）可调拉结件

en-us	(a) Ⅰ procedure circulation; (b) Ⅱ procedure circulation
zh-cn	（a）Ⅰ工序循环；（2）Ⅱ工序循环

en-us	(Ⅰ)[None]
zh-cn	(Ⅰ)主控项目

en-us	(Ⅱ)
zh-cn	(Ⅱ)一般项目

en-us	, which is one of the Shijiazhuang Metro Line 3. Undercut Section of Station has many shortcomings, such as shallow depth, poor hydrogeological conditions, down through existing circumcity highway and pipelines and so on.
zh-cn	石家庄地铁3号线一期工程中的三教堂站暗挖段采用PBA工法施工，具有埋深浅、水文地质条件差、下穿既有环路及管线等工程特点，施工风险系数较高。

en-us	--Average additional stress coefficient;
zh-cn	--平均附加应力系数；

en-us	--The coefficient of average additional stress influence within the range from the foundation base calculation point to the ith layer soil bottom and to the i-1th layer soil bottom respectively, may be adopted according to Appendix K of this Code.
zh-cn	--基础底面计算点至第i层土、第i-1层土底面范围内平均附加应力系数，可按本规范附录K采用。

en-us	--bending moment borne by flanges when bearing the pressure N concurrently (N?
zh-cn	——兼承压力N时两翼缘所能承受的弯矩（N?

en-us	--bending moment resisted by flanges when bearing the pressure N concurrently;
zh-cn	——兼承压力N时两翼缘所能承受的弯矩；

en-us	--design value of strength of fillet weld;
zh-cn	——角焊缝强度设计值；

en-us	--normalized slenderness ratio;
zh-cn	——通用长细比；

en-us	--the actual measured mid-span deflection of member under imposed test load, mm;
zh-cn	--外加试验荷载作用下构件跨中的挠度实测值，mm；

en-us	--the actual measured mid-span displacement of member under imposed test load, mm;
zh-cn	--外加试验荷载作用下构件跨中的位移实测值，mm；

en-us	--the actual measured settlement of left/right end supports of member under imposed test load, mm;
zh-cn	--外加试验荷载作用下构件左、右端支座沉陷的实测值，mm；

en-us	--the mid-span deflection generated by the deadweight of member and weight of load rig, mm;
zh-cn	--构件自重及加荷设备重产生的跨中挠度值，mm；

en-us	-15~+15mm for traveling height; 0~+15mm for span.
zh-cn	提升高度-15～＋15mm；跨度0～＋15mm。

en-us	. Combined with the policy orientation of construction industrialization, this paper establishes the implementation mode of performance evaluation system for construction workers and the management method of performance compensation.
zh-cn	并结合建筑产业化政策导向确立了建筑产业工人绩效评价实施模式和绩效薪酬管理方法。

en-us	. For important fill engineering, typical site must be selected for field test before fill design; the design and construction of fill engineering may not be carried out until the fill design parameters are obtained.
zh-cn	对重大的填方工程，必须在填方设计前选择典型的场区进行现场试验，取得填方设计参数后，才能进行填方工程的设计与施工。

en-us	. The compacted fill, not subjected to inspection and inconformity to quality requirements, shall not be used as the bearing stratum of the building foundation.
zh-cn	（本条规范于2022年1月1日被工程建设国家标准《建筑与市政地基基础通用规范》 GB55003-2021废止）

en-us	. is tanken as that in the bending and tensile areas.
zh-cn	，抗弯受拉区强度设计值取f...。

en-us	.6 Illumination Design of Snow and Ice Landscapes
zh-cn	4.6 冰雪景观照明设计

en-us	0 in China. Through the questionnaire survey, the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) is used to analyze the constructed index system, which provides a new idea and basis for the objective and impartial assessment for the sustainability of PPP project.
zh-cn	通过问卷调查，利用层次分析法对所构建的指标体系进行分析，从而为客观公正地对PPP项目可持续性进行后评价提供了新的思路与依据。

en-us	0 respectively; the strength grades of the concrete block (brick) masonry mortar and the autoclaved common brick masonry mortar shall be greater than or equal to Mb5. 0 and Ms5. 0 respectively;
zh-cn	混凝土砌块(砖)砌筑砂浆强度等级不应低于Mb5.0，蒸压普通砖砌筑砂浆强度等级不应低于Ms5.0；

en-us	0.2 and Article Α.0.3 in this code.
zh-cn	试验方法同本规范第A.0.2条、A.0.3条。

en-us	0.6mm for car guide rail and counterweight (balance weight) guide rail with safety gear; 1.0mm for counterweight (balance weight) without safety gear.
zh-cn	轿厢导轨和设有安全钳的对重（平衡重）导轨为0.6mm；不设安全钳的对重（平衡重）导轨为1.0mm。

en-us	0.8 of this appendix according to the next target service life, which shall be agreed by the Client and the Appraiser.
zh-cn	下一目标使用年限，应由委托方和鉴定方共同商定。

en-us	00m. If less than 2.00m, width of protruding part shall not be greater than 100mm; if protruding part is greater than 100mm, its height from the ground shall be less than 600mm;
zh-cn	4 固定在无障碍通道的墙、立柱上的物体或标牌距地面的高度不应小于2.00m；如小于2.00m时，探出部分的宽度不应大于100mm；如突出部分大于100mm，则其距地面的高度应小于600mm；

en-us	0n the basis of this, the paper puts forward assembled mode, PMC +Partnering project management mode, and through the comparison of assembled mode and traditional mode, points out the value of using the assembled mode.
zh-cn	在此基础上，提出了工程项目管理的组合模式PMC-Partnering项目管理模式，通过组合模式与传统模式的比较，指出组合模式应用的价值。

en-us	0n the choice of management modes of engineering project in our country, popularizing PMC mode is proposed. Meanwhile, the question and insufficient effects that PMC exists in the present stage are pointed out.
zh-cn	在我国工程项目管理模式的选择上，建议推广PMC模式，同时指出现阶段PMC存在的问题和不足。

en-us	1 0. 5MΩ for power circuits and electric safety device circuits;
zh-cn	1 动力电路和电气安全装置电路：0.5MΩ；

en-us	1 0. 5MΩ for power circuits and electrical safety device circuits;
zh-cn	1 动力电路和电气安全装置电路0.5MΩ；

en-us	1 0.05 may be taken for the enclosed building;
zh-cn	1 封闭式房屋可取0.05；

en-us	1 0.75 wind load coefficient in open building is applicable to any covering surface of building surface;
zh-cn	1 敞开式房屋中的0.75风荷载系数适用于房屋表面的任何覆盖面；

en-us	1 1 φ6 steel tie shall be set for every 120mm-thick wall; where the wall thickness is 120mm, 2φ6 steel tie shall be set;
zh-cn	1 每120mm墙厚应设置1φ6拉结钢筋；当墙厚为120mm时，应设置2φ6拉结钢筋；

en-us	1 120mm-thick wall, dry wall, dressed stone wall, insulated column and attached column;
zh-cn	1 120mm厚墙、清水墙、料石墙、独立柱和附墙柱；

en-us	1 180kg/m3 is taken for the Northeast China and northern Xinjiang;
zh-cn	1 东北及新疆北部地区取180kg/m3；

en-us	1 1~2 accessible guest room (rooms) shall be arranged for commercial service building with less than 100 rooms;
zh-cn	1 100间以下，应设1间～2间无障碍客房；

en-us	1 2.4m for the overbridge or the passageway.
zh-cn	1 天桥或通道2.4m。

en-us	1 3 specimens shall be subjected to weight deviation inspection and two of them are subjected to mechanical performance inspection.
zh-cn	1 应对3个试件先进行重量偏差检验，再取其中2个试件进行力学性能检验。

en-us	1 6 cube specimens with side length being 70.7mm shall be retained for each group and subjected to standard curing for 28d;
zh-cn	1 每组应留取6个边长为70.7mm的立方体试件，并应标准养护28d；

en-us	1 6L water tank water closet drainage system with two flushing modes shall be adopted in residential buildings.
zh-cn	1 住宅采用带两档式冲水的6L水箱坐便器排水系统；

en-us	1 A Strain clamp tongue shall contact guy tightly and shall not move when bearing load.
zh-cn	1 线夹的舌板与拉线应紧密接触，受力后不应滑动。

en-us	1 A certain amount of steel bars shall be arranged in the horizontal mortar joint of the wall under window. According to the adopted masonry unit,;
zh-cn	1 应根据所用块体材料，在窗肚墙水平灰缝内设置一定量钢筋；

en-us	1 A circle of ring beam shall be arranged at both the foundation and top floor of a multi-storey building; for other stories, the ring beam may be arranged at an interval of each two storey or when necessary at each storey. For single-storey factory buildings and warehouses, the ring beam may be appropriately arranged in combination with foundation beam, tie beam, lintel, etc.
zh-cn	1 在多层房屋的基础和顶层处应各设置一道，其他各层可隔层设置，必要时也可逐层设置。单层工业厂房、仓库，可结合基础梁、连系梁、过梁等酌情设置。

en-us	1 A set of test specimens contains 6 single cement grout specimen;
zh-cn	1 一组水泥浆试块由6个试块组成；

en-us	1 A straight line shows between guy line and guy line bar;
zh-cn	1 拉线与拉线棒应呈一直线；

en-us	1 Abrasive disk cutter or cut-off machine shall be used for the blanking of prestressed tie rods and arc cutting shall not be used;
zh-cn	1 应采用砂轮锯或切断机下料，不得采用电弧切割；

en-us	1 Acceptance and technical review of concealed works;
zh-cn	1 隐蔽工程验收和技术复核；

en-us	1 Accessibility design for residential green space and the building type covers entrance, tour footpath, recreation facilities, children’s playground, leisure square, fitness center and public toilet;
zh-cn	1 居住绿地内进行无障碍设计的范围及建筑物类型包括：出入口、游步道、休憩设施、儿童游乐场、休闲广场、健身运动场、公共厕所等；

en-us	1 Accessibility sign covers the following items:
zh-cn	1 无障碍标志包括下列几种：

en-us	1 Accessibility sign shall be arranged at the location of accessible facilities of main entrance, accessible route, parking space, building entrance and public toilet and form complete accessibility sign identification system so as to clearly indicate direction and location of accessible facilities. Accessibility sign shall meet the relevant requirements of Section 3.16 of this code;
zh-cn	1 主要出入口、无障碍通道、停车位、建筑出入口、公共厕所等无障碍设施的位置应设置无障碍标志，并应形成完整的无障碍标识系统，清楚地指明无障碍设施的走向及位置，无障碍标志应符合第3.16节的有关规定；

en-us	1 Accessibility sign, meeting the relevant requirements of Section 3.16 of this code, shall be arranged at location of accessible facilities such as main entrance,
zh-cn	1 主要出入口、无障碍通道、停车位、建筑出入口、厕所等无障碍设施的位置，应设置无障碍标志，

en-us	1 Accessible facilities in ladies' room include at least one water closet compartment for wheelchair users and one accessible wash basin; and those in men's room include at least one water closet compartment for wheelchair users, one accessible urinal and one accessible wash basin;
zh-cn	1 女厕所的无障碍设施包括至少1个无障碍厕位和1个无障碍洗手盆；男厕所的无障碍设施包括至少1个无障碍厕位、1个无障碍小便器和1个无障碍洗手盆；

en-us	1 Accessible facilities in public bathroom include one accessible shower stall or bathtub and one accessible wash basin;
zh-cn	1 公共浴室的无障碍设施包括1个无障碍淋浴间或盆浴间以及1个无障碍洗手盆；

en-us	1 Accessible main garden road shall be arranged in combination with main road in park green space and shall be able to arrive at some of main scenic spots and should form ring routes. Longitudinal gradient should be less than 5% and longitudinal gradient of accessible main garden road in mountain park green space should be less than 8%.
zh-cn	1 无障碍游览主园路应结合公园绿地的主路设置，应能到达部分主要景区和景点，并宜形成环路，纵坡宜小于5%，山地公园绿地的无障碍游览主园路纵坡应小于8%；

en-us	1 Accessible recreation areas with certain area shall be arranged at main entrance or along accessible garden road;
zh-cn	1 主要出入口或无障碍游览园路沿线应设置一定面积的无障碍游憩区；

en-us	1 Accessible route shall be continuous and the ground shall be flat, smooth, non-slip and with small or without any reflection; and it should not be arranged with thick carpet;
zh-cn	1 无障碍通道应连续，其地面应平整、防滑、反光小或无反光，并不宜设置厚地毯；

en-us	1 Accessible width at bus station shall not be less than 1.50m;
zh-cn	1 站台有效通行宽度不应小于1.50m；

en-us	1 According to requirements on environmental protection around the excavation, the design control index for each deformation items related with excavation shall be proposed;
zh-cn	1 根据基坑周边的环境保护要求，提出基坑的各项变形设计控制指标；

en-us	1 According to the design document requirements and functional requirements, the construction organization shall complete the network planning, allocation scheme, integration system function and system performance document as well as the system linkage function demand table of the intelligentized integration system, which shall be approved through joint review;
zh-cn	1 根据设计文件要求和功能需求，施工单位应完成智能化集成系统的网络规划和配置方案、集成系统功能和系统性能文件及系统联动功能需求表，并应经会审批准；

en-us	1 According to the requirements of the current national standard GB 50394 Code of Design for Intrusion Alarm Systems Engineering, the functions and indexes such as the detection range, sensitivity, false alarm, alarm failure, restoration after alarming and anti-dismantle protection of the detector shall be inspected and the inspection result shall meet the design requirements;
zh-cn	1 按现行国家标准《入侵报警系统设计规范》GB 50394的规定，检查探测器的探测范围、灵敏度、误报警、漏报警、报警状态后的恢复、防拆保护等功能与指标，检查结果应符合设计要求；

en-us	1 According to the requirements of the design document, the construction organization shall finish the network planning, allocation plan, system function and performance files of the informational application system which shall be approved by the joint review;
zh-cn	1 根据设计文件要求，施工单位应完成信息化应用系统的网络规划和配置方案、系统功能和系统性能文件，并应经会审批准；

en-us	1 According to variation with time:
zh-cn	1 按随时间的变化分类：

en-us	1 Additionally arrange covering membrane on the swimming pool surface to reduce evaporation amount;
zh-cn	1 游泳池表面加设覆盖膜减少蒸发量；

en-us	1 Adjustable forkhead should be inserted on the top of upright tubes of supports; the outer diameter of adjustable forkhead screw shall not be less than 36mm; the length of screws inserted into steel tubes shall not be less than 150mm and the length of screws extended outside of steel tubes shall not be greater than 300mm; the cantilever length of adjustable forkhead extended outside of top horizontal tubes shall not be greater than 500mm;
zh-cn	1 宜在支架立杆顶端插入可调托座，可调托座螺杆外径不应小于36mm，螺杆插入钢管的长度不应小于150mm，螺杆伸出钢管的长度不应大于300mm，可调托座伸出顶层水平杆的悬臂长度不应大于500mm；

en-us	1 Adjustment coefficient for live load of floors and roofs shall be taken as table 3.2.5.
zh-cn	1 楼面和屋面活荷载考虑设计使用年限的调整系数γL应按表3.2.5采用。

en-us	1 Adopt lightweight structure, reduce wall deadweight, and adopt suspension floor to replace indoor filling;
zh-cn	1 选用轻型结构，减轻墙体自重，采用架空地板代替室内填土；

en-us	1 Adopt the method of combining and piling up layer-separated ice blocks, the upper and lower part should lap off the set joints. The lapping length should be half of that of the ice block, and should not be less than 200mm.
zh-cn	1 实冰砌筑应采用砌筑冰块分层组砌的施工方法，冰块应规格统一、上下皮错缝搭接，搭接长度为冰块长度的1/2且不应小于200mm，

en-us	1 After reworking, repairing or replacing the members, the quality inspection shall be carried out for acceptance again;
zh-cn	1 经返工、返修或更换构件、部件的，应重新进行验收；

en-us	1 After the civil work and decoration of the control room, weak current room and relevant equipment machine room of the building automation system have been completed, the machine room shall be provided with reliable power supply and grounding terminal block;
zh-cn	1 建筑设备监控系统控制室、弱电间及相关设备机房土建装修完毕，机房应提供可靠的电源和接地端子排；

en-us	1 After the pipeline in suspended ceiling entering into the control room, the pipeline shall be perpendicularly led into the antistatic floor along wall surface at a nearby place and then shall be led into the wire slot in the bottom of cabinet along the ground;
zh-cn	1 吊顶内管路进入控制室后，应就近沿墙面垂直进入防静电地板，再沿地面进入机柜底部线槽；

en-us	1 Air conditioner and heating pump shall be used in different seasons and cleaning and maintenance shall be carried out once respectively before and after each service season;
zh-cn	1 分季节使用空调、采暖水泵，每个使用季前后各进行一次清洗保养；

en-us	1 Air tightness of external windows of the buildingsin 10 stories or more shall not be less than Grade 7;
zh-cn	1 10层及以上建筑外窗的气密性不应低于7级；

en-us	1 Airtight treatment shall be carried out after installation;
zh-cn	1 安装完毕后应做密闭处理；

en-us	1 Alarm timeliness;
zh-cn	1 报警及时性；

en-us	1 All active equipment shall be carried out with power-on inspection;
zh-cn	1 有源设备均应通电检查；

en-us	1 All civil works of such relevant rooms as conference room, control room and transmission room have already been completed and shall meet requirements and commencement environment specified in this code;
zh-cn	1 会议室、控制室、传输室等相关房间的土建工程已经全部竣工且应符合本规范有关规定的各项要求和开工环境；

en-us	1 All exposed conductive parts of electric equipment, conduits and electric wiring ducts must be grounded reliably (PE);
zh-cn	1 所有电气设备及导管、线槽的外露可导电部分均必须可靠接地（PE）；

en-us	1 All host machines for the ticketing and checking system shall be well grounded and shall be safe and reliable;
zh-cn	1 所有售验票系统主机应良好接地，系统运行应安全可靠；

en-us	1 All luminaires for field lighting should be controlled separately;
zh-cn	1 宜对全部比赛场地照明灯具进行单灯控制；

en-us	1 All necessary steps shall be taken to prevent the structures from progressive collapse for important structures; appropriate measures should be adopted for ordinary structures.
zh-cn	1 对重要的结构，应采取必要的措施，防止出现结构的连续倒塌；对一般的结构，宜采取适当的措施，防止出现结构的连续倒塌。

en-us	1 All subitem projects in sub-subsection project are qualified in quality acceptance;
zh-cn	1 子分部工程所含的各分项工程，其质量验收合格；

en-us	1 All the components of switching equipment shall be installed in an intact and complete manner.
zh-cn	1 转辙设备各组成部件应安装完好、齐全。

en-us	1 All the inspection lots included in subdivisional works shall meet the requirements of acceptable quality.
zh-cn	1 分项工程所含的检验批均应符合合格质量的规定。

en-us	1 All the joints shall be calculated in accordance with hinged connection while the axial force of upper/lower chord rod shall be calculated according to the following formula:
zh-cn	1 所有节点均应按铰接进行计算，上、下弦杆轴向力应按下式计算：

en-us	1 All the prerequisite item indexes must be complied with; the evaluation method shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 10.0.2-1:
zh-cn	1 控制项指标，必须全部满足；评价方法应符合表10.0.2-1的规定：

en-us	1 All the retaining structure designs shall meet the requirements for calculation of strength and deformation and soil stabilization checking;
zh-cn	1 所有支护结构设计均应满足强度和变形计算以及土体稳定性验算的要求；

en-us	1 Aluminum tape shall be wrapped tightly with its wrapping direction consistent with twisting direction of exterior aluminum strain;
zh-cn	1 铝包带应缠绕紧密，其缠绕方向应与外层铝股的绞制方向一致；

en-us	1 Amount of cement and water shall be reduced on the precondition of satisfying the requirements in concrete strength, durability and workability;
zh-cn	1 应在满足混凝土强度、耐久性和工作性要求的前提下，减少水泥和水的用量；

en-us	1 Amplification coefficient η shall be calculated according to the following formulas:
zh-cn	1 放大系数η应按下列公式计算：

en-us	1 Analog input values of temperature, humidity and wind pressure shall be inspected and be accurate.
zh-cn	1 检测温、湿度、风压等模拟量输入值，数值应准确。

en-us	1 Analysis on internal forces and deformation of internal bracing structure shall be carried out based on the principle of deformation compatibility at the joints with the retaining pile and wall;
zh-cn	1 内支撑结构应按与支护桩、墙节点处变形协调的原则进行内力与变形分析；

en-us	1 Angle steel in single-side connection:
zh-cn	1 单面连接的角钢：

en-us	1 Anti-corrosive measures shall be taken at the cutting and drilling sections of bridge;
zh-cn	1 桥架切割和钻孔断面处，应采取防腐措施；

en-us	1 Antifriction materials shall not have adverse effects on prestressing tendons, duct-forming pipes and concrete;
zh-cn	1 减摩材料不应对预应力筋、成孔管道及混凝土产生不利影响；

en-us	1 Antivirus software shall be installed on the server and workstation, and shall be set in operation state;
zh-cn	1 服务器和工作站上应安装防病毒软件，应使其始终处于启用状态；

en-us	1 Appearance quality;
zh-cn	1 外观质量；

en-us	1 Appearance, type, class, specification, quantity and location of prestressing tendons;
zh-cn	1 预应力筋的外观、品种、级别、规格、数量和位置等；

en-us	1 Appropriate placement scheme shall be determined according to structure parts, structure shape and structural reinforcements;
zh-cn	1 应根据结构部位、结构形状、结构配筋等确定合适的浇筑方案；

en-us	1 Area of single bedroom shall not be less than 7.00m2 and that of double bedroom shall not be less than 10.50m2; area of bedroom concurrently serving as a living room shall not be less than 16.00m2, areas of living room and kitchen shall not be less than 14.00m2 and 6.00m2 respectively;
zh-cn	1 单人卧室面积不应小于7.00m2，双人卧室面积不应小于10.50m2，兼起居室的卧室面积不应小于16.00m2，起居室面积不应小于14.00m2，厨房面积不应小于6.00m2；

en-us	1 Arrangement directly over field: The floodlights are positioned directly over the competition area, and the lighting is perpendicular to the competition area.
zh-cn	1 顶部布置：灯具布置在场地上方，光束垂直于场地平面；

en-us	1 Arrangement of service facilities shall be convenient for the disabled;
zh-cn	1 服务设施的设置应为残障人士提供方便；

en-us	1 As for circular metal corrugated pipes, corrugated pipes of one higher specification and the same wave mode may be adopted as the joint pipe whose length may be 3 times of its inner diameter and should not be less than 200mm; the screwing-in length at both ends should be equal and the joint pipe block shall be sealed with waterproof tape at both ends;
zh-cn	1 圆形金属波纹管接长时，可采用大一规格的同波型波纹管作为接头管，接头管长度可取其内径的3倍，且不宜小于200mm，两端旋入长度宜相等，且接头管两端应采用防水胶带密封；

en-us	1 As for columns and walls, construction joints may be set on the top surface of foundation and floors; the distance between construction joints for columns and top surface of columns should be 0mm~100mm; the distance between construction joints for walls and top surface of walls should be 0mm~300mm;
zh-cn	1 柱、墙施工缝可留设在基础、楼层结构顶面，柱施工缝与结构上表面的距离宜为0mm～100mm，墙施工缝与结构上表面的距离宜为0mm～300mm；

en-us	1 As for defects including reveal of reinforcement, honeycomb, hole, slag inclusion, looseness and surface defect, the concrete in the positions where are of poor cementing shall be chiseled away; the surface shall be cleaned and finished with 1: 2~1: 2.5 cement mortar after moistening with water;
zh-cn	1 露筋、蜂窝、孔洞、夹渣、疏松、外表缺陷，应凿除胶结不牢固部分的混凝土，应清理表面，洒水湿润后应用1∶2～1∶2.5水泥砂浆抹平；

en-us	1 As for defects including reveal of reinforcement, honeycomb, hole, slag inclusion, looseness and surface defect, the concrete in the positions, where are of poor cementing shall be chiseled away until compacted concrete layer reached; the surface shall be cleaned before erection of formwork and surface moistening with water. The concrete interface agent shall then be applied and fine aggregate concrete with strength one grade higher than the original one shall be placed and compacted.
zh-cn	1 露筋、蜂窝、孔洞、夹渣、疏松、外表缺陷，应凿除胶结不牢固部分的混凝土至密实部位，清理表面，支设模板，洒水湿润，涂抹混凝土界面剂，应采用比原混凝土强度等级高一级的细石混凝土浇筑密实，

en-us	1 As for enlarged section strengthening, it can only be used for engineering with existing structure members of ordinary concrete or masonry; it shall not be used for engineering with existing structure members of high strength concrete.
zh-cn	1 对增大截面加固，仅允许用于原构件为普通混凝土或砌体的工程；不得用于原构件为高强混凝土的工程。

en-us	1 As for every time effective entering, the system shall be stored the relevant information of the entering personnel and shall give off-site alarm for non-effective entering and forced entering;
zh-cn	1 每一次有效的进入，系统应储存进入人员的相关信息，对非有效进入及胁迫进入应有异地报警功能；

en-us	1 As for floors with girders and secondary beams, the construction joints shall be set within the range of 1/3 in middle of secondary beam span;
zh-cn	1 有主次梁的楼板施工缝应留设在次梁跨度中间1/3范围内；

en-us	1 As for general structural members, the bend angle of stirrup hook shall not be less than 90° and the length of straight segment after bending shall not be less than 5 times of diameter of the stirrup. As for structural members with requirements for seismic resistance or special design requirements, the bend angle of stirrup hook shall not be less than 135° and the length of straight segment after bending shall not be less than 10 times of diameter of the stirrup or 75mm, whichever is larger;
zh-cn	1 对一般结构构件，箍筋弯钩的弯折角度不应小于90°，弯折后平直段长度不应小于箍筋直径的5倍；对有抗震设防要求或设计有专门要求的结构构件，箍筋弯钩的弯折角度不应小于135°，弯折后平直段长度不应小于箍筋直径的10倍和75mm两者之中的较大值；

en-us	1 As for measurement and correction for erection of steel structure, measuring process and correction scheme shall be prepared in advance according to engineering characteristics.
zh-cn	1 钢结构安装的测量和校正，应事前根据工程特点编制测量工艺和校正方案。

en-us	1 As for plastering mortar, the relevant application standard shall provide the minimum requirements for the compressive strength grade, adhesive strength and the shrinkage index;
zh-cn	1 相关应用标准应给出抹灰砂浆的抗压强度等级及粘结强度最低限值和收缩率指标；

en-us	1 As for post-tensioned prestressed structural members, quantity of prestressing tendons with fracture or slipping must not exceed 3% of the total prestressing tendons on the same section and shall not exceed one in each bundle of steel wires or each stick of steel strands; as for multi-span two-way continuous slab, fracture or slipping shall be counted on the same section for each span;
zh-cn	1 对后张法预应力结构构件，断裂或滑脱的数量严禁超过同一截面预应力筋总根数的3%，且每束钢丝或每根钢绞线不得超过一丝；对多跨双向连续板，其同一截面应按每跨计算；

en-us	1 As for selecting building materials, the transportation distance shall be minimized, so as to minimize the energy consumption.
zh-cn	1 建筑材料的选用应缩短运输距离，减少能源消耗。

en-us	1 As for steam-cured precast members, prestressing tendons shall penetrate ducts after the steam curing is completed;
zh-cn	1 对采用蒸汽养护的预制构件，预应力筋应在蒸汽养护结束后穿入孔道；

en-us	1 As for supports with bowl buckle, plate lock or plate pin couplers, the horizontal tubes and upright tubes shall be firmly fastened and shall not slip;
zh-cn	1 碗扣架、盘扣架或盘销架的水平杆与立柱的扣接应牢靠，不应滑脱；

en-us	1 As for the acceptance for the construction quality of the base course (each tectonic layer) and various surface course Subitem construction, the inspection lot shall be divided according to each hierarchy or each layer construction section (or deformation joint); as for the standard layer of the high-rise, the inspection lot can be divided by each three layers (regarded as three layers if less than three layers);
zh-cn	1 基层（各构造层）和各类面层的分项工程的施工质量验收应按每一层次或每层施工段（或变形缝）划分检验批，高层建筑的标准层可按每三层（不足三层按三层计）划分检验批；

en-us	1 As for the adjustable forkhead inserted on the top of upright tubes, the cantilever length out of top horizontal tubes shall not exceed 650mm;
zh-cn	1 插入立杆顶端可调托座伸出顶层水平杆的悬臂长度，不应超过650mm；

en-us	1 As for the approaching test of wire cables, the electrical property indicators of cable shall be randomly inspected, and the relevant records shall be noted down;
zh-cn	1 线缆进场检测应抽检电缆的电气性能指标，并应作记录；

en-us	1 As for the building installed with reclaimed water and rain water recycling system, the condensed water of the central air conditioning should be collected in reclaimed water and rain water pool for using as miscellaneous water;
zh-cn	1 设有中水、雨水回用供水系统的建筑，其集中空调部分的冷凝水宜回收汇集至中水、雨水清水池，作为杂用水；

en-us	1 As for the cable entering into buildings, surge protective device shall be installed at the entry;
zh-cn	1 进入建筑物的电缆，应在入口处安装浪涌保护器；

en-us	1 As for the concrete prepared by Portland cement and ordinary Portland cement or Portland slag cement, the curing time shall not be less than 7d; as for the concrete prepared by other types of cement, the curing time shall be determined according to the properties of cement;
zh-cn	1 采用硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥或矿渣硅酸盐水泥配制的混凝土，不应少于7d；采用其他品种水泥时，养护时间应根据水泥性能确定；

en-us	1 As for the frame structure with requirements on seismic fortification, the measured strength test value of the steel bar bearing longitudinal force shall meet the requirements of the current national standard GB 50204 Code for Acceptance of Constructional Quality of Concrete Structures;
zh-cn	1 对有抗震设防要求的框架结构，其纵向受力钢筋强度检验实测值应符合现行国家标准《混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范》GB 50204的规定；

en-us	1 As for the general structural members, the bending angle of stirrup hook shall not be less than 90° and the length of straight section after bending shall not be less than 5 times the diameter of stirrup; as for the structural members with seismic resistance requirements or special design requirements, the bending angle of stirrup hook shall not be less than 135° and the length of straight section after bending shall not be less than 10 times the diameter of stirrup;
zh-cn	1 对一般结构构件，箍筋弯钩的弯折角度不应小于90°，弯折后平直段长度不应小于箍筋直径的5倍；对有抗震设防要求或设计有专门要求的结构构件，箍筋弯钩的弯折角度不应小于135°，弯折后平直段长度不应小于箍筋直径的10倍；

en-us	1 As for the installation of satellite antenna pedestal, the fabrication of the base shall be carried out at the same time on the poured concreting layers of civil work according to the position and dimension given in the design drawing, the foundation bolts in the base shall be connected with the top steel bars of the storied building by welding and also shall be connected with the ground grid, and the grounding resistance of antenna base shall be less than 4Ω;
zh-cn	1 卫星天线基座的安装应根据设计图纸的位置、尺寸，在土建浇筑混凝土层面的同时进行基座制作，基座中的地脚螺栓应与楼房顶面钢筋焊接连接，并与地网连接，天线底座接地电阻应小于4Ω；

en-us	1 As for the non-fired porous masonry unit, the hollow ratio, shell and wed thickness shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 3.2.1;
zh-cn	1 非烧结含孔块材的孔洞率、壁及肋厚度等应符合表3.2.1的要求；

en-us	1 As for the plain round rebar, it shall not be less than 2.5 times the diameter of rebar;
zh-cn	1 光圆钢筋，不应小于钢筋直径的2.5倍；

en-us	1 As for the plain steel bar, it shall not be less than 2.5 times of diameter of the steel bar;
zh-cn	1 光圆钢筋，不应小于钢筋直径的2.5倍；

en-us	1 As for the products that have not be carried out with this property proving test before entering into the strengthening market, the samples through evidential sampling shall be sent to the independent testing organization to do the proving test for supplement.
zh-cn	1 对进入加固市场前未做过该性能验证性试验的产品，应将见证抽取的样品送独立检测机构补做验证性试验。

en-us	1 As for the underground stations and the sections where mechanical and electrical equipments are concentrated, the waterproof grade for the structures shall be Grade one.
zh-cn	1 地下车站、机电设备集中区段的结构防水等级应为一级。

en-us	1 As for the welding of steel grounding wire, the weld shall be full and anti-corrosive measures shall be taken;
zh-cn	1 钢制接地线的焊接连接应焊缝饱满，并应采取防腐措施；

en-us	1 As for those specified in the compulsory provisions of this code, all shall be inspected;
zh-cn	1 本规范中强制性条文规定的应全数检查；

en-us	1 As for walls and columns on the ground floor of basement and those on the first floor of superstructure, the time for curing with forms shall not be less than 3d. After formwork removal, curing may be continued by spraying water, covering, or spraying compounds;
zh-cn	1 地下室底层和上部结构首层柱、墙混凝土带模养护时间，不应少于3d；带模养护结束后，可采用洒水养护方式继续养护，也可采用覆盖养护或喷涂养护剂养护方式继续养护；

en-us	1 At arranged steps in sidewalk, wheelchair ramp shall be arranged simultaneously;
zh-cn	1 人行道设置台阶处，应同时设置轮椅坡道；

en-us	1 At least 1 maintenance shall be carried out for water heater annually;
zh-cn	1 水加热器每年至少进行一次维护保养；

en-us	1 At least 1 representative ice and snow landscape should be selected as a monitoring target for every sector in the scenic area;
zh-cn	1 景区中每个功能分区应至少选择1个具代表性的冰雪景观单体建筑作为监测对象；

en-us	1 At least one public toilet in each floor in main teaching building shall meet the relevant requirements in Article 3.9.1 of this code;
zh-cn	1 主要教学用房每层至少有1处公共厕所应满足本规范第3.9.1条的有关规定；

en-us	1 At least two exits/entrances directly to the ground shall be arranged at the station.
zh-cn	1 车站应设置不少于2个直通地面的出入口。

en-us	1 At main entrance and main scenic spot, recreation facility, service facilities, public facilities and management facilities within the accessible recreation areas shall be accessible;
zh-cn	1 在主要出入口、主要景点和景区，无障碍游憩区内的游憩设施、服务设施、公共设施、管理设施应为无障碍设施；

en-us	1 At the flat floor (roof) plate bottom of beam top, the beam height shall be greater than or equal to 300mm.
zh-cn	1 梁顶平楼（屋）面板底，梁高不应小于300mm。

en-us	1 At the public areas of aboveground part of the building, the area scale for natural daylighting is greater than 50%;
zh-cn	1 建筑地上部分，公共区域的天然采光面积比例大于50%；

en-us	1 Automatic control mode with the timetable.
zh-cn	1 有时刻表的自动控制模式。

en-us	1 Automatic train turn-back.
zh-cn	1 列车自动折返。

en-us	1 Auxiliary fixing facilities such as positioning support and positioning plate should be adopted for the anchors;
zh-cn	1 宜采取锚栓定位支架、定位板等辅助固定措施；

en-us	1 Avoid, eliminate or reduce the hazards risk that may be encountered by the structures;
zh-cn	1 避免、消除或减少结构可能受到的危害；

en-us	1 Axis position, elevation, section dimension, surface evenness and verticality of members;
zh-cn	1 构件的轴线位置、标高、截面尺寸、表面平整度、垂直度；

en-us	1 Bamboo nails or other nails shall be inserted into cracks along the direction of cracks as temporary marks; the space between nails shall ensure to seek out cracks after polishing.
zh-cn	1 沿裂缝走向，在裂缝中插入作为临时标志的竹钉或其他钉，钉距以能在打磨后找到裂缝为度。

en-us	1 Barrier-free facilities shall be available at the entrance and exit, major roads, and service facilities of the scenic area. For the platforms, roads, stairs and rampways, where the traffic is heavy and people are easy to push, squeeze or slip, shall be equipped with anti-skid and protective facilities such as carpets, handrails, etc.;
zh-cn	1 冰雪景观建筑景区出入口、主要道路和服务设施应有无障碍设施；交通流量大，易出现人员拥挤、滑倒情况的平台、道路、台阶坡道应设置防滑地毯、栏杆、扶手等防滑和安全防护设施；

en-us	1 Base of gabled frame column should adopt flat plate type hinged column base (Figure 10.2.15-1); and may also adopt rigid column base (Figure 10.2.15-2).
zh-cn	1 门式刚架柱脚宜采用平板式铰接柱脚 （图10.2.15-1）；也可采用刚接柱脚 （图10.2.15-2）。

en-us	1 Based on mathematical statistics method, the calculation parameters of the masonry structure shall be determined according to the requirements of chapter 8 in this code;
zh-cn	1 砌体各项计算指标应根据本规范研究性试验要求及数理统计方法确定；

en-us	1 Basic combination
zh-cn	1 基本组合

en-us	1 Basic combination, which is used for persistent design situation or transient design situation;
zh-cn	1 基本组合，用于持久设计状况或短暂设计状况；

en-us	1 Basic requirements for the heat transfer coefficient of roofing shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 3.4.1-1.
zh-cn	1 屋面的传热系数基本要求应符合表3.4.1-1的规定。

en-us	1 Be able to withstand various actions that may present in the construction and service periods;
zh-cn	1 能承受在施工和使用期间可能出现的各种作用；

en-us	1 Bearing surface of anchor plates shall be perpendicular to the tangent line of the ends of curved prestressing tendons or ducts. The minimum length of the straight segment between starting point of prestressing tendons curve and anchor point shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 6.3.10;
zh-cn	1 锚垫板的承压面应与预应力筋或孔道曲线末端的切线垂直。预应力筋曲线起始点与张拉锚固点之间的直线段最小长度应符合表6.3.10的规定；

en-us	1 Before applying, the liquid anti-freezing admixture shall be mixed equably, and the water brought by the solution of anti-freezing admixture shall be deducted from the mixing water of concrete;
zh-cn	1 液体防冻剂使用前应搅拌均匀，由防冻剂溶液带入的水分应从混凝土拌合水中扣除；

en-us	1 Before charging, accumulated water in mixer truck tank shall be removed;
zh-cn	1 接料前，搅拌运输车应排净罐内积水；

en-us	1 Before construction, acceptance shall be carried out for the delivery reports, product warranties and inspection reports of the steel cable, anchorage, parts and accessories as well as length, diameter, variety, specification, color/luster and quantity of the cable; and the prestressed construction shall be carried out after it is qualified in the acceptance;
zh-cn	1 施工前应对钢索、锚具及零配件的出厂报告、产品质量保证书、检测报告，以及索体长度、直径、品种、规格、色泽、数量等进行验收，并应验收合格后再进行预应力施工；

en-us	1 Before elevator installation, civil engineering shall be inspected and handed over according to this code, and handover inspection data may be recorded in Table A of Appendix A.
zh-cn	1 电梯安装前应按本规范进行土建交接检验，可按附录A表A记录。

en-us	1 Before filling material for sealing the crack, floating dust on roughened surface of two sides of the slot shall be cleared at first.
zh-cn	1 充填封闭裂缝材料前，应先将槽内两侧凿毛的表面浮尘清除干净。

en-us	1 Before installation, check whether connection surface is flat. The smooth surface of tension clamp current plate must contact smooth surface of current line clamp plate;
zh-cn	1 安装前应检查连接面是否平整，耐张线夹引流连板的光洁面必须与引流线夹连板的光洁面接触；

en-us	1 Before installing rods, top and bottom pressure-bearing plates shall be installed first.
zh-cn	1 安装撑杆前，应先安装上下两端承压板。

en-us	1 Before installing the telephone switching equipment, environmental conditions in the machine room shall be inspected and the environmental conditions shall meet the relevant requirements of Chapter 14 in current professional standard YD/T 5076-2005 Design Specifications for PSTN Exchange Installation Engineering;
zh-cn	1 电话交换设备安装前，应对机房的环境条件进行检查，机房的环境条件应符合现行行业标准《固定电话交换设备安装工程设计规范》YD/T 5076-2005第14章相关规定；

en-us	1 Before laying, the model and specification, route and position of the wire cables shall be checked to conform to the design drawing;
zh-cn	1 线缆布放前应核对型号规格、路由及位置与设计图纸相符；

en-us	1 Before laying, tiles shall be pre-selected according the specification, dimension, appearance quality, color and lustre; if necessary, the tiles shall be damped in water and then dried for standby application.
zh-cn	1 在铺贴前，应对砖的规格尺寸、外观质量、色泽等进行预选；需要时，浸水湿润晾干待用；

en-us	1 Before masonry, contaminants and rime on the surface of block shall be cleaned up and frozen bricks or masonry blocks through water immersion shall not be used;
zh-cn	1 砌筑前，应清除块材表面污物和冰霜，遇水浸冻后的砖或砌块不得使用；

en-us	1 Bending radius of the all-plastic cables shall not be less than 10 times of the outside diameter of cable.
zh-cn	1 全塑电缆不得小于电缆外径的10倍。

en-us	1 Bending strength test method for partition boards shall be in accordance with the relevant requirements of the current national standard GB/T 19631 Glassfiber Reinforced Cement Lightweight Hollow Panel for Partition. Bending strength test method for flat plates shall be in accordance with the relevant requirements of the current national standard GB/T 7019 Test Methods for Fiber Cement Products;
zh-cn	1 各类隔墙板的抗折强度试验方法应按现行国家标准《玻璃纤维增强水泥轻质多孔隔条板》GB/T 19631的有关规定执行；各类平板的抗折试验方法应按现行国家标准《纤维水泥制品试验方法》GB/T 7019的有关规定执行；

en-us	1 Biathlon consists of cross-country skiing and shooting.
zh-cn	1 冬季两项由越野滑雪和射击组成；

en-us	1 Binding face shall be rough and removed from laitance, loosened gravels and weak concrete layer;
zh-cn	1 结合面应为粗糙面，并应清除浮浆、松动石子、软弱混凝土层；

en-us	1 Binding lap splices of steel reinforcements shall be fastened tightly with wires at the center and both ends of the splices;
zh-cn	1 钢筋的绑扎搭接接头应在接头中心和两端用铁丝扎牢；

en-us	1 Block size and material shall be compatible with conductor or overhead ground wire;
zh-cn	1 轮槽尺寸及所用材料应与导线或架空地线相适应；

en-us	1 Bolt on iron tower shall accept device to prevent dismantlement and looseness;
zh-cn	1 铁塔螺栓应使用防卸、防松装置；

en-us	1 Bond stones shall be distributed uniformly and staggered mutually; in the same course of rubble foundation, one block should be arranged every other2m; for rubble wall, at least one block shall be arranged per 0.7m2 wall surface and the center distance in the same course shall not be greater than 2m;
zh-cn	1 拉结石应均匀分布，相互错开，毛石基础同皮内宜每隔2m设置一块；毛石墙应每0.7m2墙面至少设置一块，且同皮内的中距不应大于2m；

en-us	1 Bonded prestressing tendons in length not greater than 20m may be tensioned at one end, while bonded prestressing tendons in length greater than 20m should be tensioned at both ends; threshold length of tensioning at one end for straight prestressing tendons may be extended to 35m;
zh-cn	1 有粘结预应力筋长度不大于20m时，可一端张拉，大于20m时，宜两端张拉；预应力筋为直线形时，一端张拉的长度可延长至35m；

en-us	1 Both inside and outside lighting facilities shall be designed for ice and snow landscape lighting;
zh-cn	1 应对冰雪景观照明，设计内置灯光和外置灯光；

en-us	1 Braille sign may be divided into braille map, braille signboard and braille stop board;
zh-cn	1 盲文标志可分成盲文地图、盲文铭牌、盲文站牌；

en-us	1 Braking system that is independent from the adhering braking function of wheel tracks.
zh-cn	1 独立于轮轨粘着制动功能之外的制动系统。

en-us	1 Brick column, piled bricks, brick arch, brick lintel, supporting point of beam, brick projection course and position between-two-windows wall with width less than 1m;
zh-cn	1 砖柱、砖垛、砖拱、砖碹、砖过梁、梁的支承处、砖挑层及宽度小于1m的窗间墙部位；

en-us	1 Building entrance;
zh-cn	1 建筑入口；

en-us	1 Building ground engineering design drawing and the alteration documents;
zh-cn	1 建筑地面工程设计图纸和变更文件等；

en-us	1 Building remainder shall be used appropriately.
zh-cn	1 建筑余料应合理使用。

en-us	1 Building shall be equipped with at least one accessible entrance, and it should be located at main entrance;
zh-cn	1 建筑物至少应有1处为无障碍出入口，且宜位于主要出入口处；

en-us	1 Buildings and structures possessing independent construction conditions and forming independent use function are regarded as a unit project;
zh-cn	1 具备独立施工条件并能形成独立使用功能的建筑物或构筑物为一个单位工程；

en-us	1 Buildings with Grade-A design grade of foundation;
zh-cn	1 地基基础设计等级为甲级建筑物；

en-us	1 Cable splicing shall meet the requirements of corresponding process technologies.
zh-cn	1 电缆接续应符合相应的工艺技术要求。

en-us	1 Cables should be inspected before laying to check if there is any damage on its surface.
zh-cn	1 电缆敷设前应查看电缆外表面有无损伤。

en-us	1 Calculate the jacking force and elongation of prestressing tendons; determine the readings of oil pump pressure gauge according to the calibration results of tensioning device;
zh-cn	1 计算张拉力和张拉伸长值，根据张拉设备标定结果确定油泵压力表读数；

en-us	1 Calculated length coefficient of single-section column with constant section may take 1.0;
zh-cn	1 等截面单段柱的计算长度系数可取1.0；

en-us	1 Calculation method of integrated part load value (IPLV) shall meet the requirements of article 4.2.13 in this standard;
zh-cn	1 综合部分负荷性能系数（IPLV）计算方法应符合本标准第4.2.13条的规定；

en-us	1 Calculation of the eccentric compression load:
zh-cn	1 偏心受压荷载计算：

en-us	1 Capable of being opened and locked independently; where screen doors are arranged on the platform, they shall be capable of being opened and locked in linkage with the screen doors.
zh-cn	1 能单独开闭和锁闭；在站台设有屏蔽门时，能与屏蔽门联动开闭。

en-us	1 Ceiling loadspeakers in the same room shall be arranged uniformly.
zh-cn	1 同一室内的吸顶扬声器应排列均匀。

en-us	1 Centralized monitoring and management of the full line fire protection.
zh-cn	1 实现全线消防集中监控管理。

en-us	1 Certified cement and admixture;
zh-cn	1 获得认证的产品；

en-us	1 Certified rebar and fabricated rebar;
zh-cn	1 获得认证的钢筋、成型钢筋；

en-us	1 Chamfering or arc angle should be adopted for corners of precast members;
zh-cn	1 预制构件的边角宜采用倒角或圆弧角；

en-us	1 Characteristic combination
zh-cn	1 标准组合

en-us	1 Characteristic combination, which should be used for irreversible serviceability limit states design;
zh-cn	1 标准组合，宜用于不可逆正常使用极限状态设计；

en-us	1 Characteristic value of the tensile strength;
zh-cn	1 抗拉强度标准值。

en-us	1 Checking and calculating construction load and taking strict safety and control measures;
zh-cn	1 核算施工荷载，并采取严格的安全与控制措施；

en-us	1 Chromaticity tolerances of same type LED lamps shall not be greater than 5 SDCM;
zh-cn	1 选用同类光源的色容差不应大于5 SDCM；

en-us	1 Civil engineering arrangement plan;
zh-cn	1 土建布置图；

en-us	1 Clamping vibrators shall be clamped to the formwork and the spacing of locating spots shall be determined by test;
zh-cn	1 附着振动器应与模板紧密连接，设置间距应通过试验确定；

en-us	1 Class Ⅰ public parking space (garage) shall be arranged with accessible vehicle parking lot whose number shall not be less than 2% number of parking vehicle;
zh-cn	1 Ⅰ类公共停车场（库）应设置不少于停车数量2%的无障碍机动车停车位；

en-us	1 Clean up the oil stain, dust and dirt on plate surface within over 50mm away from both sides of cracks until exposing clean metallic luster;
zh-cn	1 清洗裂纹两边各50mm以上范围内板面油污、尘垢至显露出洁净的金属光泽；

en-us	1 Cleaning and finishing of the existing structures and members (Article 3.0.4 and Article 3.0.5 of this code);
zh-cn	1 清理、修整原结构、构件（本规范第3.0.4条及第3.0.5条）；

en-us	1 Cleaning and finishing the existing structure and structure members;
zh-cn	1 清理、修整原结构、构件；

en-us	1 Cleaning and finishing the existing structures and members (Article 3.0.5 of this code);
zh-cn	1 清理、修整原结构、构件（本规范第3.0.5条）；

en-us	1 Cleaning the existing structure members;
zh-cn	1 清理原结构、构件；

en-us	1 Cleaning the existing structures;
zh-cn	1 清理原结构；

en-us	1 Cleaning, finishing and positioning the existing structure and structure members by scribing;
zh-cn	1 清理、修整原结构、构件并画线定位；

en-us	1 Clear width of opened elevator car door shall not be less than 800mm;
zh-cn	1 轿厢门开启的净宽度不应小于800mm；

en-us	1 Code for Design of Masonry Structures GB 50003
zh-cn	1 《砌体结构设计规范》 GB 50003

en-us	1 Coefficient of performance (COP) of water chilling unit at constant frequency and air-cooling or evaporative cooling unit shall not be less than the values specified in Table 4.2.10;
zh-cn	1 水冷定频机组及风冷或蒸发冷却机组的性能系数（COP）不应低于表4.2.10的数值；

en-us	1 Cold water (heat pump) unit, water pump, valve, cooling tower etc. equipment shall have the function of procedure start-up/shut-down and coordinated control;
zh-cn	1 应能进行冷水（热泵）机组、水泵、阀门、冷却塔等设备的顺序启停和连锁控制；

en-us	1 Column strengthening Grade Ⅰm mortar shall be adopted;
zh-cn	1 柱的加固：均应采用Ⅰm级砂浆；

en-us	1 Combination of actions shall be the one for which the actions are likely to present simultaneously;
zh-cn	1 作用组合应为可能同时出现的作用的组合；

en-us	1 Commercial car washing station (site) shall use non-traditional water source in priority;
zh-cn	1 营业性洗车场或洗车点应优先使用非传统水源；

en-us	1 Compacting shall be carried out respectively according to depth of placement layer, the frontend of immersion vibrators shall be immersed into the last concrete layer and the immersion depth shall not be less than 50mm;
zh-cn	1 应按分层浇筑厚度分别进行振捣，振动棒的前端应插入前一层混凝土中，插入深度不应小于50mm；

en-us	1 Completion drawing;
zh-cn	1 竣工图；

en-us	1 Compression structure member: the strength grade of the existing masonry mortar shall be greater than or equal to M2. 5;
zh-cn	1 受压构件：原砌筑砂浆的强度等级不应低于M2.5；

en-us	1 Compressive strength of concrete specimens cured under same conditions when applying and releasing jacking force for prestressing tendons;
zh-cn	1 预应力筋张拉或放张时的同条件养护混凝土试块的强度；

en-us	1 Concrete pump pipe shall be selected according to concrete pump model, mixture performance, output quantity, unit output, conveying distance and particle size of coarse aggregate;
zh-cn	1 混凝土输送泵管应根据输送泵的型号、拌合物性能、总输出量、单位输出量、输送距离以及粗骨料粒径等进行选择；

en-us	1 Concrete shall be cured by spraying dense curing compounds on its exposed surface;
zh-cn	1 应在混凝土裸露表面喷涂覆盖致密的养护剂进行养护；

en-us	1 Concrete should be transported by mixer trucks and the mixer trucks shall meet the requirements of relevant current national standards;
zh-cn	1 混凝土宜采用搅拌运输车运输，运输车辆应符合国家现行有关标准的规定；

en-us	1 Concrete strength of precast member;
zh-cn	1 预制构件的混凝土强度；

en-us	1 Conduit laying shall be keep clean and dry inside conduit, the conduit orifice shall be taken with protective measures and be carried out with plugging treatment;
zh-cn	1 导管敷设应保持管内清洁干燥，管口应有保护措施和进行封堵处理；

en-us	1 Conformity of raw materials in concrete to one used in mix design;
zh-cn	1 混凝土的原材料与配合比设计所采用原材料的一致性；

en-us	1 Connecting cables of the feeding boxes shall be protected with the rubber hoses and firmly fixed with the fixtures.
zh-cn	1 馈电盒的连接电缆应采用橡胶管防护，并用卡具固定牢固。

en-us	1 Connection of ducts shall be sealed;
zh-cn	1 成孔管道的连接应密封；

en-us	1 Consecutive through route.
zh-cn	1 连续通过进路。

en-us	1 Consistency, bleeding rate, free expansion rate, chloride ion content and strength of test specimens in mix proportion design;
zh-cn	1 配合比设计阶段检查稠度、泌水率、自由膨胀率、氯离子含量和试块强度；

en-us	1 Construction area and living office area shall be arranged separately and the living installations shall be far away from the toxic and hazardous substances.
zh-cn	1 施工作业区和生活办公区应分开布置，生活设施应远离有毒有害物质。

en-us	1 Construction joints may be reserved and placement is done in bays and the interval time of placement for bays shall not less than 7d;
zh-cn	1 可留设施工缝分仓浇筑，分仓浇筑间隔时间不应少于7d；

en-us	1 Construction quality record for works acceptance;
zh-cn	1 工程验收的施工质量记录；

en-us	1 Construction shall be carried out by state-of-the-art machinery and low noise equipment which shall be maintained at regular intervals.
zh-cn	1 应采用先进机械、低噪声设备进行施工，机械、设备应定期保养维护。

en-us	1 Construction trash shall be collected in categories and stacked together.
zh-cn	1 建筑垃圾应分类收集、集中堆放。

en-us	1 Control center equipment such as console, net control unit, server, workstation, etc. .;
zh-cn	1 控制台、网络控制器、服务器、工作站等控制中心设备；

en-us	1 Control software shall be prepared according to the control logic diagram, and the control effectiveness of equipment shall be tested one by one; the equipment shall have the function of using various wired or wireless touch screens to realize the remote control of audio, video, lighting, curtain as well as environment at conference place, and the debugging record shall be filled;
zh-cn	1 应按照控制逻辑图编写控制软件，逐个测试设备控制的有效性；应能使用各种有线、无线触摸屏，实现远距离控制音频、视频、灯光、幕布，以及会场环境所有功能，并应填写调试记录；

en-us	1 Cooling tower with good heat dispersion and water collection performance shall be adopted, and shall be arranged in the places with good ventilation and without wet heat air reflux;
zh-cn	1 选用散热性能、收水性能优良的冷却塔，冷却塔布置在通风良好、无湿热空气回流的地方；

en-us	1 Coordination shall be carried out between subsystems of building intelligent system and between the building intelligent system speciality and the specialties of building engineering, and the construction progress and quality shall be guaranteed;
zh-cn	1 建筑智能化各子系统之间，建筑智能化专业与建筑工程各专业之间，应进行协调配合，并应保证施工进度和质量；

en-us	1 Core-wrapping masonry method shall not be adopted for brick column;
zh-cn	1 砖柱不得采用包心砌法；

en-us	1 Corresponding low hydrogen type electrode shall be selected according to the steel materials of the existing structure members and the electrode diameter should not be larger than 4.0mm;
zh-cn	1 应根据原构件钢材材质，选用相适应的低氢型焊条，其直径不宜大于4.0mm；

en-us	1 Corridors, stairwells, toilets, etc. of hotels, residential buildings and other public buildings;
zh-cn	1 旅馆、居住建筑及其他公共建筑的走廊、楼梯间、厕所等场所；

en-us	1 Corrosion-resistant treatment shall be carried out for the metal connecting component. Stainless steel connecting piece shall be adopted for connection;
zh-cn	1 金属连接部件应进行防腐蚀处理或采用不锈钢连接件；

en-us	1 Crack reinspection;
zh-cn	1 裂缝复查；

en-us	1 Crosswalk width shall meet wheelchair demands;
zh-cn	1 人行横道宽度应满足轮椅通行需求；

en-us	1 Cubic structure:
zh-cn	1 对立体结构：

en-us	1 Curb ramp must be arranged at sidewalk on the location of various intersections and entrances;
zh-cn	1 人行道在各种路口、各种出入口位置必须设置缘石坡道；

en-us	1 Damage, displacement of ducts or fall-off of the joints shall be avoided and displacement of prestressing tendons, anchorage devices and anchorage plates shall be prevented;
zh-cn	1 应避免成孔管道破损、移位或连接处脱落，并应避免预应力筋、锚具及锚垫板等移位；

en-us	1 Dead load shall include structure self-weight and prestress and its characteristic value shall be calculated according to actual conditions;
zh-cn	1 恒荷载应包括结构自重、预应力等，其标准值应按实际计算；

en-us	1 Dead load;
zh-cn	1 结构自重；

en-us	1 Decoration engineering may be carried out after the lightning grounding equipotential board has been installed, cabinet wire slot has been led in and pipelines have been installed;
zh-cn	1 在防雷接地等电位排安装完毕并引入机柜线槽和管线的安装完毕后方可进行装饰工程；

en-us	1 Define the assessing objects, contents, and objectives;
zh-cn	1 明确评定的对象、内容和目的；

en-us	1 Deflection may be measured by dial gauge, displacement sensor and level gauge etc. Deflection near to the failure stage may be measured by level gauge or tie line, ruler etc.
zh-cn	1 挠度可采用百分表、位移传感器、水平仪等进行观测。接近破坏阶段的挠度，可采用水平仪或拉线、直尺等测量。

en-us	1 Delivery inspection report and site reinspection report of grouts;
zh-cn	1 灌浆料出厂检验报告和进场复验报告；

en-us	1 Depth of elevator lobby should not be less than 1.50m and depth of elevator lobby in public buildings and that arranged with hospital elevator should not be less than 1.80m;
zh-cn	1 候梯厅深度不宜小于1.50m，公共建筑及设置病床梯的候梯厅深度不宜小于1.80m；

en-us	1 Design alteration document;
zh-cn	1 设计变更文件；

en-us	1 Design alteration documents;
zh-cn	1 设计变更文件；

en-us	1 Design of dewatering system design shall include the following content:
zh-cn	1 基坑降水系统设计应包括下列内容：

en-us	1 Design strength value of various designations of steel shall be adopted according to those specified in Table 3.2.4-1.
zh-cn	1 各牌号钢材的设计用强度值，应按表3.2.4-1采用。

en-us	1 Designation and property of manual welding electrode or automatic welding wire shall be appropriate to the property of the member steel. Where two strength grades of steels are welded, welding materials which are compatible with the steel with lower strength should be selected;
zh-cn	1 手工焊焊条或自动焊焊丝的牌号和性能应与构件钢材性能相适应，当两种强度级别的钢材焊接时，宜选用与强度较低钢材相匹配的焊接材料；

en-us	1 Designation, specification, quantity and position of longitudinal rebars;
zh-cn	1 纵向受力钢筋的牌号、规格、数量、位置；

en-us	1 Determination of the anchor type, the spacing, the row spacing, the installation angle, the shape of section and construction method;
zh-cn	1 确定锚杆类型、间距、排距和安设角度、断面形状及施工工艺；

en-us	1 Determine the key parts and detailing of the structure or the parts assured by the client to be verified according to the structural analysis results;
zh-cn	1 根据对结构的受力分析，确定关键部位或由委托方明确验算部位；

en-us	1 Determining the calibration range, such as selecting the structure type (for example, building structure, bridge structure, and part and harbor structure) or the construction material (such as concrete structure and steel structure), and selecting the representative structures or structural members (including the failure mode of member) according to the application scope of the target reliability index;
zh-cn	1 确定校准范围，如选取结构物类型（建筑结构、桥梁结构、港工结构等）或结构材料形式（混凝土结构、钢结构等），根据目标可靠指标的适用范围选取代表性的结构或结构构件（包括构件的破坏形式）；

en-us	1 Developers shall coordinate acceptance inspection upon project completion with the relevant parties of design, construction and engineering supervision and the buildings shall be confirmed to be qualified. The approval documents or use permit documents issued by the local relevant authorities of planning, fire safety and civil defense shall be in hands.
zh-cn	1 由建设单位组织设计、施工、工程监理等有关单位进行工程竣工验收，确认合格；取得当地规划、消防、人防等有关部门的认可文件或准许使用文件；在当地建设行政主管部门进行备案；

en-us	1 Deviation of spacing between upright tubes below beams should not be greater than 50mm; deviation of spacing between upright tubes below slabs should not be greater than 100mm; deviation of spacing between horizontal tubes should not be greater than 50mm.
zh-cn	1 梁下支架立杆间距的偏差不宜大于50mm，板下支架立杆间距的偏差不宜大于100mm；水平杆间距的偏差不宜大于50mm。

en-us	1 Diaphragm wall shall be subjected to the bearing capacity, deformation calculation and cracking checking in accordance with both the ultimate limit states and the serviceability limit states respectively.
zh-cn	1 地下连续墙应分别按照承载能力极限状态和正常使用极限状态进行承载力、变形计算和裂缝验算。

en-us	1 Different hoppers shall be selected according to different structure type and concreting method;
zh-cn	1 应根据不同结构类型以及混凝土浇筑方法选择不同的斗容器；

en-us	1 Direction of directional indicator and sidewalk shall be consistent;
zh-cn	1 行进盲道应与人行道的走向一致；

en-us	1 Directional indicator arranged in sidewalk shall be connected to warning indicator at entrance of pedestrian overpass and underpass;
zh-cn	1 设置于人行道中的行进盲道应与人行天桥及地道出入口处的提示盲道相连接；

en-us	1 Directional indicator shall be arranged with warning indicator at its starting point, end point, turning and other necessary places. Where width of tactile ground surface indicator is not greater than 300mm, width of warning indicator shall be greater than width of directional indicator;
zh-cn	1 行进盲道在起点、终点、转弯处及其他有需要处应设提示盲道，当盲道的宽度不大于300mm时，提示盲道的宽度应大于行进盲道的宽度；

en-us	1 Discharge holes shall be arranged uniformly in vertical and horizontal directions of earth-retaining wall, and the horizontal spacing of discharge holes arranged in each meter of earth-retaining wall shall not be greater than 2m;
zh-cn	1 泄水孔应在挡土墙的竖向和水平方向均匀设置，在挡土墙每米高度范围内设置的泄水孔水平间距不应大于2m；

en-us	1 Distance between beds shall be greater than or equal to 1.20;
zh-cn	1 床间距离不应小于1.20m；

en-us	1 Distance from various pipes and tension clamp mouth shall not be less than 15m;
zh-cn	1 各类管与耐张线夹出口间的距离不应小于15m；

en-us	1 Distinct themes and obvious intention and clear framework;
zh-cn	1 主题鲜明、立意明晰，形体易于表达；

en-us	1 Distribute the wires in order, and avoid twisting joints. Leading wires should connect firmly without stressing the wires.
zh-cn	1 箱（盘）内应配线整齐，无绞接现象；导线应连接紧密，不伤芯线，不断股。

en-us	1 Distribution of snow accumulation on low-span roof shall be considered for the high and low roof (Figure 4.3.3-1);
zh-cn	1 高低屋面应考虑低跨屋面雪堆积分布（图4.3.3-1）；

en-us	1 District with shallow karst caves scattered in groups, large cave size and in unstable status;
zh-cn	1 浅层溶洞成群分布，洞径大，且不稳定的地段；

en-us	1 Diversion volumetric water heater: ±5℃;
zh-cn	1 导流型容积式水加热器：±5℃；

en-us	1 Documents for the configuration scheme of network system, parameter configuration of network elements and connection inspection records shall be complete;
zh-cn	1 网络系统的配置方案、网络元素参数配置、连接检验记录应文档齐全；

en-us	1 Dominant item: both α and β corresponding to the acceptable quality level should not exceed 5%;
zh-cn	1 主控项目：对应于合格质量水平的α和β均不宜超过5%；

en-us	1 Dominant items include:
zh-cn	1 主控项目包括：

en-us	1 Drainage ditch shall be provided around the site road and material stacking place.
zh-cn	1 现场道路和材料堆放场地周边应设排水沟。

en-us	1 Drainage: drainage ditch shall be provided to prevent surface water from permeating into landslide section; if necessary, anti-seepage measures shall be taken.
zh-cn	1 排水：应设置排水沟以防止地面水浸入滑坡地段，必要时尚应采取防渗措施。

en-us	1 Drilled hole depth shall not be less than design value;
zh-cn	1 成孔深度不应小于设计值；

en-us	1 Drilled hole diameter allowance deviation: -50mm;
zh-cn	1 孔径允许偏差：-50mm；

en-us	1 During cleaning of the cracks, plastering layers shall be eliminated on both sides of masonry cracks within the range no less than 100mm.
zh-cn	1 清理裂缝时，应在砌体裂缝两侧不少于100mm范围内，将抹灰层剔除。

en-us	1 During construction, the system software shall be backed up every day and the backup files shall be stored in independent storage devices;
zh-cn	1 在施工过程中，应每天对系统软件进行备份，备份文件应保存在独立的存储设备上；

en-us	1 During flat seam pointing, the mortar seam shall be impacted densely, the seam surface shall be leveled with the stone surface and be subject to press polishing;
zh-cn	1 勾平缝时，应将灰缝嵌塞密实，缝面应与石面相平，并应把缝面压光；

en-us	1 During the construction period of the underground engineering, the underground water level shall be controlled at 0.5~1.5m below the pit bottom;
zh-cn	1 地下工程施工期间，地下水位控制在基坑面以下0.5m~1.5m；

en-us	1 During the delivery, clear installation reference mark shall be provided;
zh-cn	1 出厂时应标识清晰的安装基准标记；

en-us	1 During the installation of the column base, an importer or sheath should be used for the anchors;
zh-cn	1 柱脚安装时，锚栓宜使用导入器或护套；

en-us	1 During the installation of the tor-shear type high strength bolt, the side of the nut with truncated cone shall face towards the side of the washer with chamfering;
zh-cn	1 扭剪型高强度螺栓安装时，螺母带圆台面的一侧应朝向垫圈有倒角的一侧；

en-us	1 Each component installation shall be complete, free from damage and crack.
zh-cn	1 各部组件安装应齐全，并应无破损、裂纹现象。

en-us	1 Each end of each bolt shall not be provided with more than two washers or large nut is used to replace the washer;
zh-cn	1 每个螺栓一端不得垫两个以上垫圈，不得用大螺母代替垫圈；

en-us	1 Each landing door must be able to be opened normally with triangle key;
zh-cn	1 每层层门必须能够用三角钥匙正常开启：

en-us	1 Each system shall be detected, and detection records and reports shall be filled in and prepared;
zh-cn	1 应对各系统进行检测，并填写检测记录和编制检测报告；

en-us	1 Each transmission wiring shall be correct and shall be free from such faults as short circuit, open circuit and wiring cross;
zh-cn	1 各路传输配线应正确，不应有短路、断路、混线等故障；

en-us	1 Earth pressure;
zh-cn	1 土压力；

en-us	1 Elevators and water pumps etc. that are used long term;
zh-cn	1 长期使用的电梯、水泵等设备；

en-us	1 Embedded depth of the signal posts shall meet the design requirements.
zh-cn	1 机柱埋设深度应符合设计规定。

en-us	1 Emergency lighting luminaires must be qualified products which have passed the inspection of Fire Control Test Center;
zh-cn	1 应急照明灯具必须采用经消防检测中心检测合格的产品；

en-us	1 Energy efficient building assessment shall cover building and its energy consuming system at two stages, i. e.
zh-cn	1 节能建筑的评价应包括建筑及其用能系统，涵盖设计和运营管理两个阶段；

en-us	1 Energy efficient technical measures for the building;
zh-cn	1 建筑节能技术措施；

en-us	1 Energy-efficient construction machinery shall be adopted.
zh-cn	1 应采用能源利用效率高的施工机械设备。

en-us	1 Energy-saving equipment shall be adopted.
zh-cn	1 应采用节能型设施。

en-us	1 Ensuring smooth air intake and exhaust, no obvious air flow short circuit between air exhaust and air intake;
zh-cn	1 应确保进风与排风通畅，在排出空气与吸入空气之间不发生明显的气流短路；

en-us	1 Entrance ground shall be flat, smooth and non-slip;
zh-cn	1 出入口的地面应平整、防滑；

en-us	1 Entrance of library and cultural center with detection instrument shall be convenient for entering of people riding a wheelchair;
zh-cn	1 图书馆、文化馆等安有探测仪的出入口应便于乘轮椅者进入；

en-us	1 Entrance shall be accessible;
zh-cn	1 出入口应为无障碍出入口；

en-us	1 Equipment in each system shall be able to make response to orders of the system software in time;
zh-cn	1 各系统内的设备应能对系统软件指令作出及时响应；

en-us	1 Equipment installation sequence shall be consistent with the signal flow;
zh-cn	1 设备安装顺序应与信号流程一致；

en-us	1 Equivalent constant-amplitude repeated stress-based method
zh-cn	1 等效等幅重复应力法

en-us	1 Erection should start from rigid frames on both ends close to gable with column brace.
zh-cn	1 安装顺序宜先从靠近山墙的有柱间支撑的两端刚架开始。

en-us	1 Erosion prevention and land protection measures shall be taken.
zh-cn	1 应采取防止水土流失的措施。

en-us	1 Es1 is the compression modulus of stratum layer soil; Es2 is the compression modulus of lower stratum soil;
zh-cn	1 Es1为上层土压缩模量；Es2为下层土压缩模量；

en-us	1 Establish green construction management mechanism and system and conduct management by objectives.
zh-cn	1 建立绿色施工管理体系和管理制度，实施目标管理。

en-us	1 Evaluation method based on good condition of the structure;
zh-cn	1 基于结构良好状态的评定方法；

en-us	1 Evidential sampling and re-inspection for raw materials approaching the construction site;
zh-cn	1 进场原材料的见证取样复验；

en-us	1 Except for the aerated concrete wall, the grout insulation material should not be used for the inner and outer insulation of the architectural external wall separately in the severe cold and cold areas;
zh-cn	1 浆体保温材料不宜单独用于严寒及寒冷地区除加气混凝土墙体以外的建筑外墙内、外保温；

en-us	1 Except for the rated water consumption in nursing home, nursery and kindergarten, the rated water consumption of other facilities does not include the water consumption in canteen.
zh-cn	1 除养老院、托儿所、幼儿园的用水定额中含食堂用水，其他均不含食堂用水。

en-us	1 Executing smoke proof and exhaust modes at station after receiving the automatic or manual commands of fire mode.
zh-cn	1 接收车站自动或手动火灾模式指令，执行车站防烟、排烟模式。

en-us	1 Exposed length of prestressing tendons outside of anchorage device;
zh-cn	1 锚具外的预应力筋长度；

en-us	1 Fabrication length of steel wires when heading anchor is used;
zh-cn	1 采用镦头锚时的钢丝下料长度；

en-us	1 Failure or excessive deformation of the structure or structural member (including the foundation), for which the strength of materials of the structure is critical;
zh-cn	1 结构或结构构件（包括基础等）的破坏或过度变形，此时结构的材料强度起控制作用；

en-us	1 Fan, air valve and water valve shall be able to be started/stopped through interlocking control;
zh-cn	1 应能进行风机、风阀和水阀的启停连锁控制；

en-us	1 Fatigue action of steel structure
zh-cn	1 钢结构疲劳作用

en-us	1 Fatigue resistance of steel structure
zh-cn	1 钢结构疲劳抗力

en-us	1 Final screwing color mark shall be inspected and a 0.3kg hammer shall be used to knock the nut for inspecting the high strength bolt one by one;
zh-cn	1 应检查终拧颜色标记，并应用0.3kg重小锤敲击螺母对高强度螺栓进行逐个检查；

en-us	1 Final screwing color mark shall be inspected and an about 0.3kg hammer shall be used to knock the nut for inspecting the high strength bolt one by one;
zh-cn	1 应检查终拧颜色标记，同时应用约0.3kg重小锤敲击螺母对高强度螺栓进行逐个检查；

en-us	1 Fine aggregate should adopt medium granular sand in Area Ⅱ .
zh-cn	1 细骨料宜选用Ⅱ区中砂。

en-us	1 Finished cooling tower shall be of high cooling efficiency, little water drift and low noise.
zh-cn	1 成品冷却塔应选用冷效高、飘水少、噪声低的产品；

en-us	1 Firstly, single machine power-on inspection shall be carried out for the device and equipment one by one (including alarm controller, linkage control panel, fire broadcasting, etc. .); when the device and equipment are normal, system inspection may be carried out;
zh-cn	1 应先分别对器件及设备逐个进行单机通电检查（包括报警控制器、联动控制盘、消防广播等），正常后方可进行系统检验；

en-us	1 Flat, smooth and clean;
zh-cn	1应平整、洁净；

en-us	1 Flora region or corner for the blind should be arranged in large-sized botanical garden; and voice service and braille signboard facilities for people with visual disability shall be provided with;
zh-cn	1 大型植物园宜设置盲人植物区域或者植物角，并提供语音服务、盲文铭牌等供视觉障碍者使用的设施；

en-us	1 Fluorescent luminaires shall be equipped with electronic ballasts or energy conservation magnetic ballasts.
zh-cn	1 荧光灯应配用电子镇流器或节能电感镇流器；

en-us	1 For Q235 and Q345 steel materials with the plate thickness less than 40mm, the steel materials of the same manufacturer, designation and quality grade shall form an inspection lot with the weight not greater than 150t; when the supply weight of the steel materials of the same manufacturer and designation is greater than 600t and all the re-inspections are qualified, the weight of each lot may be increased to 400t;
zh-cn	1 牌号为Q235、Q345且板厚小于40mm的钢材，应按同一生产厂家、同一牌号、同一质量等级的钢材组成检验批，每批重量不应大于150t；同一生产厂家、同一牌号的钢材供货重量超过600t且全部复验合格时，每批的组批重量可扩大至400t；

en-us	1 For axial load action
zh-cn	1 当轴心荷载作用时

en-us	1 For bottom area of preformed hole with a width larger than 0.3m, compacting shall be carried out on both sides of the hole opening and the compacting duration shall be appropriately increased; opening bottom with width larger than 0.8m shall be applied with special technical measures;
zh-cn	1 宽度大于0.3m的预留洞底部区域，应在洞口两侧进行振捣，并应适当延长振捣时间；宽度大于0.8m的洞口底部，应采取特殊的技术措施；

en-us	1 For building of which the decoration effect may be affected;
zh-cn	1 对可能影响装饰效果的建筑物；

en-us	1 For buildings with basement, the daylighting area of the first basement shall be greater than 5% of the building area of that floor;
zh-cn	1 有地下室的建筑，地下一层采光面积大于本层建筑面积的5%；

en-us	1 For bulbs applied as the light source, the lamp holders shall be adjusted flexibly to meet the requirements for visible distance of signal aspect, and dedicated bulbs with main and auxiliary filaments shall be applied.
zh-cn	1 当采用灯泡为光源时，其灯座应调整灵活，以满足显示距离的要求，并应使用有主、副灯丝的专用灯泡。

en-us	1 For car lighting and ventilation;
zh-cn	1 轿厢照明和通风；

en-us	1 For connecting bolts, the strength in tension, shear force or under their combined action shall be check-calculated according to those specified in current national standard GB 50017 Standard for Design of Steel Structures.
zh-cn	1 连接螺栓应按现行国家标准《钢结构设计规范》GB 50017验算螺栓在拉力、剪力或拉剪共同作用下的强度。

en-us	1 For corner towers, tension towers, terminal towers, transposition towers and straight-line corner towers take one set of test block every foundation unit respectively.
zh-cn	1 转角、耐张、终端、换拉塔及直线转角塔基础每基应取一组；

en-us	1 For double-span and double-slope roof, where the roof slope is not greater than 1/20, non-uniform distribution conditions specified in Item 3 in this table may not be considered for the interior roof, i.e., distribution coefficients 1.4 and 2.0 of snow in this table are considered according to 1.0.
zh-cn	1 对于双跨双坡屋面，当屋面坡度不大于1/20时，内屋面可不考虑表中第3项规定的不均匀分布的情况，即表中的雪分布系数1.4及2.0均按1.0考虑。

en-us	1 For double-track sections, where there are no buildings (structures) between the two tracks, the safety clearance between the equipment gauges of the two tracks shall not be less than 100mm.
zh-cn	1 对双线区间，当两线间无建（构）筑物时，两条线设备限界之间的安全间隙不应小于100mm。

en-us	1 For dry condition, AC power supply shall not be greater than 50V, ripple free DC power supply shall not be greater than 120V;
zh-cn	1 在干燥场所交流供电不大于50V，无纹波直流供电不大于120V；

en-us	1 For dwelling houses, hostels, office buildings, hotels, hospitals, nurseries and kindergarten, the horizontal load acting on the top of railings shall be taken as 1.0kN/m.
zh-cn	1 住宅、宿舍、办公楼、旅馆、医院、托儿所、幼儿园，栏杆顶部的水平荷载应取1.0 kN／m；

en-us	1 For each story (or single story) of the identical project, the sampling times of the motor with identical strength grade required by each 500m2 spraying and plastering motor layer shall not be less than one.
zh-cn	1 同一工程每一楼层（或单层），每喷抹500m2（不足500m2，按500m2计）砂浆面层所需的同一强度等级的砂浆，其取样次数应不少于一次。

en-us	1 For eighteen storeys or less, the households of each storey shall not exceed eight; the building area is less than or equal to 650 m2 and one common smoke proof staircase and fire elevators are equipped.
zh-cn	1 十八层及十八层以下，每层不超过8户、建筑面积不超过650m2，且设有一座共用的防烟楼梯间和消防电梯的住宅；

en-us	1 For electrical (optical) cables led across the rails through the crushed stone ballast bed, the two ends of the protection pipes extended respectively out of the sleeper ends shall be no less than 500mm, and shall be embedded at locations 200mm deep below the ground, with the openings blocked tightly.
zh-cn	1 通过碎石道床过轨时，防护管两端各伸出轨枕端不应小于500mm，并埋于地面200mm以下，管口封堵应严密。

en-us	1 For elements and components whose tributary area is not larger than 1.0 m2, take 1.0;
zh-cn	1 当从属面积不大于1m2时，折减系数取1.0；

en-us	1 For emergency power supply of evacuation lighting, storage battery (or dry battery) device should be adopted, or combination of storage battery (or dry battery) and power supply system, which is effectively independent from normal lighting power supply, or combination of storage battery (or dry battery) device and spare generator set should be adopted.
zh-cn	1 疏散照明的应急电源宜采用蓄电池（或干电池）装置，或蓄电池（或干电池）与供电系统中有效地独立于正常照明电源的专用馈电线路的组合，或采用蓄电池（或干电池）装置与自备发电机组组合的方式；

en-us	1 For enclosed buildings with rectangular plan, μsl may be adopted according to Table 8.3.3;
zh-cn	1 封闭式矩形平面房屋的墙面及屋面可按表8.3.3的规定采用；

en-us	1 For enclosed buildings, take-0.20 or 0.20 depending on the worst condition of external pressure;
zh-cn	1 封闭式建筑物，按其外表面风压的正负情况取-0.2或0.2；

en-us	1 For formwork:
zh-cn	1 模板：

en-us	1 For gas discharge lamp with inductive ballast, single-lamp compensation mode shall be adopted and power factor of its lighting distribution system shall not be less than 0.9;
zh-cn	1 使用电感镇流器的气体放电灯应采用单灯补偿方式，其照明配电系统功率因数不应低于0.9；

en-us	1 For general item, its score shall be converted into percentage system and calculated according to the following formula:
zh-cn	1 一般项得分应按百分制折算，并按下式进行计算：

en-us	1 For housing of three storey or above, the ratio of length to height L/Hf should be less than or equal to 2.5; when the ratio of housing is 2. 5<L/Hf≤3. 0, the longitudinal wall should be no turning or less turning, and the spacing of internal transverse wall shall be controlled or the foundation rigidity and bearing capacity shall be strengthened. When the pre-estimated maximum settlement of housing is less than or equal to 120mm, its ratio of length to height may not be restricted.
zh-cn	1 对于三层和三层以上的房屋，其长高比L/Hf宜小于或等于2.5；当房屋的长高比为2.5f≤3.0时，宜做到纵墙不转折或少转折，并应控制其内横墙间距或增强基础刚度和承载力。当房屋的预估最大沉降量小于或等于120mm时，其长高比可不受限制。

en-us	1 For ice buildings higher than 10m, and the shorter landing edge exceeding 6m, the foundation design shall be required. The bearing capacity of the foundation shall be calculated based on non-frozen soil strength, with consideration given to the frozen expansion coefficient of the soil around it, with corresponding anti-frozen expansion measures taken;
zh-cn	1 高度大于10m，落地短边长度大于6m的冰建筑应进行基础设计，地基承载力应按非冻土强度计算，且应考虑冰建筑周边土的冻胀因素，采取相应的防冻胀措施；

en-us	1 For important structure members, modified epoxide polymers shall be adopted for the preparation.
zh-cn	1 对重要构件，应采用改性环氧类聚合物配制。

en-us	1 For industrial factory buildings, the hoisting capacity of the crane shall be less than or equal to 750kN, the elevation of rail top shall be less than or equal to 14m, the reference wind pressure shall be less than 0. 5kPa and the height of the foundation short column shall not be greater than 5m.
zh-cn	1 起重机起重量小于或等于750kN，轨顶标高小于或等于14m，基本风压小于0.5kPa的工业8 基础厂房，且基础短柱的高度不大于5m。

en-us	1 For inside wall of building with transverse bearing wall, two steel tie rods may be used to replace ring beam; for building with longitudinal bearing wall or longitudinal and transverse bearing walls, one steel tie rod should be arranged at each side of the transverse wall.
zh-cn	1 横墙承重房屋的内墙，可用两根钢拉杆代替圈梁；纵墙承重和纵横墙承重的房屋，钢拉杆宜在横墙两侧各设一根。

en-us	1 For installation on the station platform ground, installation mode of the metallic signal posts shall be adopted and the signal posts shall be installed vertically and firmly to the ground.
zh-cn	1 在站台地面上安装时，应采用金属机柱安装方式，机柱与地面应垂直安装牢固。

en-us	1 For load-bearing cold-formed thin-wall steel, hot rolled section steel and steel plate, Q235 steel specified in the current national standard GB/T 700 Carbon Structural Steels and Q345 steel specified in GB/T 1591 High Strength Low Alloy Structural Steels shall be adopted.
zh-cn	1 用于承重的冷弯薄壁型钢、热轧型钢和钢板,应采用现行国家标准《碳素结构钢》GB/T 700规定的Q235和《低合金高强度结构钢》GB/T 1591规定的Q345钢材。

en-us	1 For metal duct, the appearance shall be clean, and both the internal and the external surfaces shall be free from rust, oil stain, adhesive substance or pore space; corrugated metal ducts shall be free from irregular fold, and seaming shall be free from cracking or tripping; steel pipe welds shall be continuous;
zh-cn	1 金属管道外观应清洁，内外表面应无锈蚀、油污、附着物、孔洞；金属波纹管不应有不规则褶皱，咬口应无开裂、脱扣；钢管焊缝应连续；

en-us	1 For minor karst opening, treatment methods such as insertion, blocking and spanning may be adopted.
zh-cn	1 对较小的岩溶洞隙，可采用镶补、嵌塞与跨越等方法处理。

en-us	1 For non-televised events, the side-lighting arrangement or four corner column arrangement should be applied, and the design shall be in accordance with the following requirements:
zh-cn	1 无电视转播时宜采用场地两侧或场地四角布置方式，并应符合下列规定：

en-us	1 For purlin with flange hemming
zh-cn	1 对于翼缘有卷边的檩条

en-us	1 For receiver cases installed on the wall, they shall be kept vertically to the ground; for the receiver cases installed between the two uplink and downlink rails, they shall be prevented from being installed on other metallic objects or above the drain holes.
zh-cn	1 接收器箱在墙壁上安装时应与地面保持垂直；在上下行两个轨道中间安装时，应避免安装在其他金属物或排水孔上方。

en-us	1 For simple buoyancy action, the anti-buoyancy stability of the foundation shall meet the requirements of the following formula:
zh-cn	1 对于简单的浮力作用情况，基础抗浮稳定性应符合下式要求：

en-us	1 For single-phase double-hole socket, (facing socket) the right hole or upper hole shall be connected with the phase wire and the left hole or lower hole shall be connected with the neutral wire; for single-phase three-hole socket, (facing socket), the right hole shall be connected with the phase wire and the left hole shall be connected with the neutral wire;
zh-cn	1 单相两孔插座，面对插座，右孔或上孔应与相线连接，左孔或下孔应与中性线连接；单相三孔插座，面对插座，右孔应与相线连接，左孔应与中性线连接；

en-us	1 For sludge and muddy soil, the overlaying harder soil stratum should be used as bearing stratum; when the overlaying soil layer is relatively thin, measures of avoiding disturbance to sludge and muddy soil during the construction shall be taken;
zh-cn	1 淤泥和淤泥质土，宜利用其上覆较好土层作为持力层，当上覆土层较薄，应采取避免施工时对淤泥和淤泥质土扰动的措施；

en-us	1 For sludge and sludgy soil, triaxial unconsolidated undrained shear strength index shall be adopted;
zh-cn	1 对淤泥及淤泥质土，应采用三轴不固结不排水抗剪强度指标；

en-us	1 For soft rock liable to be weathered and cohesive soil with plasticity index Ip greater than 22, the base friction coefficient shall be determined through test;
zh-cn	1 对易风化的软质岩和塑性指数Ip大于22的黏性土，基底摩擦系数应通过试验确定；

en-us	1 For soil slope, the active earth pressure of slope shall be calculated according to Formula (6.7.3-1).
zh-cn	1 对土质边坡，边坡主动土压力应按式(6.7.3-1)进行计算。

en-us	1 For static crack, the slot depth should be greater than or equal to 15mm, and the slot width should be greater than or equal to 20mm.
zh-cn	1 当为静止裂缝时，槽深不宜小于15mm，槽宽不宜小于20mm。

en-us	1 For strengthening carbon fiber of the bearing structure, PAN polyacrylonitrile-based (PAN-based) 12K small tow fiber or below shall be selected and large tow fiber is strictly forbidden for use. Where reliable engineering experiences are available, 15K carbon fiber are permitted to be used.
zh-cn	1 承重结构加固用的碳纤维，应选用聚丙烯腈基（PAN基）12K或12K以下的小丝束纤维，严禁使用大丝束纤维；当有可靠工程经验时，允许使用15K碳纤维。

en-us	1 For strip foundation or rectangular foundation, when the side length of foundation base perpendicular to the top edge line of slope is less than or equal to 3m, the horizontal distance (Figure 5.4.2) from outer edge line of foundation base to the slope top shall meet the requirements of the following formulae, and shall not be less than 2.5m:
zh-cn	1 对于条形基础或矩形基础，当垂直于坡顶边缘线的基础底面边长小于或等于3m 时，其基础底面外边缘线至坡顶的水平距离(图5.4.2)应符合下式要求，且不得小于2.5m：

en-us	1 For tall buildings and high rise structures with uniformly distributed mass and similar shape along with the height, it may be calculated by the following expression:
zh-cn	1 对体型和质量沿高度均匀分布的高层建筑和高耸结构，可按下式计算：

en-us	1 For tall buildings and high-rise structures with the unregulated and complicated plan or elevation, the equivalent wind load for across-wind vibrations should be determined by means of wind tunnel tests, or may be determined according to relevant references;
zh-cn	1 对于平面或立面体型较复杂的高层建筑和高耸结构，横风向风振的等效风荷载wLk宜通过风洞试验确定，也可比照有关资料确定；

en-us	1 For tall buildings with complicated shape, and those their mass center or stiff center is eccentric, the equivalent wind load for torsion vibrations should be determined by means of wind tunnel tests, or may be determined according to relevant references;
zh-cn	1 对于体型较复杂以及质量或刚度有显著偏心的高层建筑，扭转风振等效风荷载wTk宜通过风洞试验确定，也可比照有关资料确定；

en-us	1 For the adhesive strength inspection, before grouting commencement, personnel of inspection organization shall be sent to the site to stick the standard block (see Appendix U of this code) for normal tensile bonding strength inspection use on the strengthened structure members; it shall stand for 7d for maintenance under the contact pressure after bonding.
zh-cn	1 胶粘强度检验 应在注胶开始前，由检验机构派员到现场在被加固构件上预贴正拉粘结强度检验用的标准块（本规范附录U）；粘贴后，应在接触压条件下，静置养护7d。

en-us	1 For the case of maximum structural temperature rise, the characteristic value of uniform thermal action shall be calculated according to the following expression:
zh-cn	1 对结构最大温升的工况，均匀温度作用标准值按下式计算：

en-us	1 For the caulking putty, silicone sealant and waterproof materials, the weather resistance index shall be indicated in the product instructions;
zh-cn	1 嵌缝腻子、硅酮密封胶及防水材料的产品说明书中应有耐候性指标；

en-us	1 For the cold-formed thin-wall steel used for the purlin and girt, the wall thickness should not be less than 1.5mm.
zh-cn	1 用于檩条和墙梁的冷弯薄壁型钢,壁厚不宜小于1.5mm。

en-us	1 For the compressional flange plate of the I-shape section member, the ratio of the free extended width b to its thickness t shall not be greater than; for I-shaped section beam and column member web, the ratio of the calculated height hw to the thickness tw shall not be greater than 160;
zh-cn	1 工字形截面构件受压翼缘板自由外伸宽度b与其厚度t之比，不应大于；工字形截面梁、柱构件腹板的计算高度hw与其厚度tw之比，不应大于160；

en-us	1 For the convenience of application of this regulation in terms of strictness, the words of different level are explained as follows:
zh-cn	1 为便于在执行本标准条文时区别对待，对要求严格程度不同的用词说明如下：

en-us	1 For the design of main load-bearing structures, it shall be calculated by the following equation:
zh-cn	1 计算主要受力结构时，应按下式计算：

en-us	1 For the fabric (cloth): δ= (1.5±0.5) mm;
zh-cn	1 对纤维织物（布）：δ=（1.5±0.5）mm；

en-us	1 For the formwork with the exposed structure surface, the maximum deformation value should be 1/400 of the calculated span of form members;
zh-cn	1 对结构表面外露的模板，其挠度限值宜取为模板构件计算跨度的1/400；

en-us	1 For the foundation above underground water level, the non-frost heaving medium or coarse sand shall be backfilled on the lateral sides of the foundation, and its thickness shall not be less than 200mm; for the foundation below underground water level, pile foundation, insulating foundation or self-anchoring foundation (with enlarged slab or short pedestal piles under frozen soil stratum) may be adopted, and isolated foundation or strip foundation with inclined surface of regular trapezoid shape may also be adopted.
zh-cn	1 对在地下水位以上的基础，基础侧表面应回填不冻胀的中、粗砂，其厚度不应小于200mm；对在地下水位以下的基础，可采用桩基础、保温性基础、自锚式基础(冻土层下有扩大板或扩底短桩)，也可将独立基础或条形基础做成正梯形的斜面基础。

en-us	1 For the hills, ridges and escarpment, the coefficient shall be adopted as follows:
zh-cn	1 对于山峰和山坡，修正系数应按下列规定采用：

en-us	1 For the isolated foundation under columns, when the punching shear failure cone falls within the foundation base, the punching shear capacity shall be checked at the joints of column and foundation and at the step of foundation;
zh-cn	1 对柱下独立基础，当冲切破坏锥体落在基础底面以内时，应验算柱与基础交接处以及基础变阶处的受冲切承载力；

en-us	1 For the main materials, members and accessories and equipment adopted in the works, acceptance for appearances, specifications, types and quality certification documents, etc.shall be performed by the contractor, and inspected and approved by the supervision engineer.
zh-cn	1 工程采用的主要材料、构配件和设备，施工单位应对其外观、规格、型号和质量证明文件等进行验收，并经监理工程师检查认可。

en-us	1 For the medium values not listed in the table, they may be determined according to linear interpolation. Where the next target service life is less than 10a, ψa is taken according to 10a;
zh-cn	1 对表中未列出的中间值，可按线性内插法确定，当下一目标使用年限小于10a，应按10a取ψa值；

en-us	1 For the member whose surface is coated with the factory primer, in case of any re-rust or white zinc salt due to welding, flame calibration, insolation and scratch, it shall be repainted after the surface treatment according to the original coating requirements;
zh-cn	1 表面涂有工厂底漆的构件，因焊接、火焰校正、曝晒和擦伤等造成重新锈蚀或附有白锌盐时，应经表面处理后再按原涂装规定进行补漆；

en-us	1 For the overground part of the building, the natural daylighting section of the public area is greater than 30%;
zh-cn	1 建筑地上部分，公共区域的天然采光面积比例大于30%；

en-us	1 For the power equipment with no high-power impact load, the lighting and power should share the transformer.
zh-cn	1 当电力设备无大功率冲击性负荷时，照明和电力宜共用变压器；

en-us	1 For the professional wired conference system adopting serial connection mode, the connecting wire cable between microphones shall be firmly terminated;
zh-cn	1 采用串联方式的专业有线会议系统，传声器之间的连接线缆应端接牢固；

en-us	1 For the rails connected by the inserts, special tools shall be applied for making holes in the rails and installing inserts.
zh-cn	1 采用塞钉方式与钢轨连接时，钢轨打眼和塞钉安装应使用专用工具操作。

en-us	1 For the residential buildings lower than 1 0 stories, when the floor area of any storey in the residential unit is larger than 650m2 or the distance of travel from any household door to the safety exit is larger than 15m, not less than two safety exits from each storey in that unit shall be provided.
zh-cn	1 10层以下的住宅建筑，当住宅单元任一层的建筑面积大于650m2，或任一套房的户门至安全出口的距离大于15m时，该住宅单元每层的安全出口不应少于2个。

en-us	1 For the roofs without access, when the construction or maintenance loads are heavy, actual live loads shall be adopted; the stipulations of the relevant structural design codes shall be adopted, and the characteristic values shall not be less than 0.3 kN/m2 in any case.
zh-cn	1 不上人的屋面，当施工或维修荷载较大时，应按实际情况采用；对不同类型的结构应按有关设计规范的规定采用，但不得低于0.3kN/m2；

en-us	1 For the room with low installation height, it should use three-color fluorescent tube.
zh-cn	1 灯具安装高度较低的房间宜采用细管直管形三基色荧光灯；

en-us	1 For the snow masonry building whose height is over 10m and the short edge exceeds 6m, foundation design shall be undertaken. The bearing capacity of the foundation shall be calculated based the strength of non-frozen soil, with consideration given to the frozen expansion of the soil around it, with corresponding anti-frozen expansion measures taken;
zh-cn	1 建筑高度大于10m且落地短边长度大于6m的雪体建筑应进行基础设计，地基承载力应按非冻土强度计算，且应考虑雪体建筑周边土的冻胀因素，采取相应的防冻胀措施;

en-us	1 For the snow wall whose height is less than 6m, its thickness shall not be less than 800mm. For the snow wall whose height is more than 6m but less than 10m, its thickness shall not be less than 1000mm; the section size of the independent snow column section shall not be less than 1200mm×1200mm;
zh-cn	1 高度不大于6m的雪体墙的厚度不应小于800mm，高度大于6m且小于10m的雪体墙的厚度不应小于1000mm；独立雪体柱截面尺寸不应小于1200mm×1200mm；

en-us	1 For the station with island platform, 2.5m shall be available for the boarding/alighting area of the platform (side platform).
zh-cn	1 对岛式站台车站，站台乘降区（侧站台）2.5m。

en-us	1 For the structure bearing static load, the slenderness ratio of the tensile member in vertical plane may be only calculated;
zh-cn	1 对承受静力荷载的结构，可仅计算受拉构件在竖向平面内的长细比；

en-us	1 For two horizontal construction joints of different elevations, joints shall be set in the form of steps and the height-width ratio shall not be greater than 1.0;
zh-cn	1 标高不同的两个水平施工缝，其高低结合处应留设成台阶形，台阶的高宽比不应大于1.0；

en-us	1 For two tall buildings all with rectangular plan and similar height, the interference coefficient of 1.00~1.10 may be adopted for along-wind load and 1.00~1.20 for across-wind load based on the location of upstream interfering building.
zh-cn	1 对矩形平面高层建筑，当单个施扰建筑与受扰建筑高度相近时，根据施扰建筑的位置，对顺风向风荷载可在1.00～1.10范围内选取，对横风向风荷载可在1.00～1.20范围内选取；

en-us	1 For ultimate limit states design, the design value of load effects shall be calculated as:
zh-cn	1 用于承载能力极限状态计算的效应设计值，应按下式进行计算：

en-us	1 For vertical spatial correlation, the coefficient may be calculated by the following expression:
zh-cn	1 竖直方向的相关系数可按下式计算：

en-us	1 Foundation has passed examination of middle process inspection;
zh-cn	1 经中间检查验收合格；

en-us	1 Foundation pit depth and foundation treatment;
zh-cn	1 基础坑深及地基处理情况；

en-us	1 Foundation size:
zh-cn	1 基础尺寸：

en-us	1 Foundation work:
zh-cn	1 基础工程：

en-us	1 Four-core cable should be used when the type of grounding is TN-C and the guard wire shares the same conductor with the neutral wire.
zh-cn	1 当低压配电系统接地形式为TN-C且保护线与中性线合用同一导体时，应采用四芯电缆。

en-us	1 Free formaldehyde (release amount or content) in floor;
zh-cn	1 地板中的游离甲醛（释放量或含量）；

en-us	1 Free formaldehyde (release amount or content) in floor;
zh-cn	1地板中的游离甲醛（释放量或含量）；

en-us	1 Fuel consumption;
zh-cn	1 燃料的消耗量；

en-us	1 Full-width one-way ramp curb ramp shall share the same width with sidewalk;
zh-cn	1 全宽式单面坡缘石坡道的宽度应与人行道宽度相同；

en-us	1 Functions of computer network, such as fault tolerance and network management, shall be tested in accordance with those specified in Article 5.3.5 and Article 5.3.6 of the current national standard GB 50339-2003 Code for Acceptance of Quality of Intelligent Building Systems, and the records shall be filled in earnestly;
zh-cn	1 计算机网络的容错功能和网络管理等功能应按现行国家标准《智能建筑工程质量验收规范》GB 50339-2003第5.3.5条、第5.3.6条的规定实施检测，并应认真填写记录；

en-us	1 GB 50003 Code for Design of Masonry Structures
zh-cn	1 《砌体结构设计规范》GB 50003

en-us	1 GB 50007 Code for Design of Building Foundation
zh-cn	1 《建筑地基基础设计规范》 GB 50007

en-us	1 GB 50009 Load Code for the Design of Building Structures
zh-cn	1 《建筑结构荷载规范》 GB 50009

en-us	1 GB 50009 Load Code for the Design of Building Structures
zh-cn	1 《建筑结构荷载规范》GB 50009

en-us	1 GB 50010 Code for Design of Concrete Structures
zh-cn	1 《混凝土结构设计规范》GB 50010

en-us	1 GB 50010 Code for design of concrete structures
zh-cn	1《混凝土结构设计规范》GB 50010

en-us	1 GB 50015 Code for Design of Building Water Supply and Drainage
zh-cn	1 《建筑给水排水设计规范》 GB 50015

en-us	1 GB 50015Code for Design of Building Water Supply and Drainage
zh-cn	1 《建筑给水排水设计规范》GB 50015

en-us	1 GB 50016 Code for fire protection design of buildings
zh-cn	1 《建筑设计防火规范》 GB 50016

en-us	1 GB 50019 Code for Design of Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning
zh-cn	1 《采暖通风与空气调节设计规范》 GB 50019

en-us	1 GB 50038 Code for design of civil air defense basement
zh-cn	1 《人民防空地下室设计规范》 GB 50038

en-us	1 GB 50119 Code for Concrete Admixture Application
zh-cn	1《混凝土外加剂应用技术规范》GB 50119

en-us	1 GB 50300 Unified Standard for Constructional Quality Acceptance of Building Engineering
zh-cn	《建筑工程施工质量验收统一标准》GB 50300

en-us	1 GB 50300 Unified Standard for Constructional Quality Acceptance of Building Engineering;
zh-cn	1 《建筑工程施工质量验收统一标准》GB 50300；

en-us	1 GBJ 129 Standard for Test Method of Basic Mechanics Properties of Masonry
zh-cn	1 《砌体基本力学性能试验方法标准》GBJ 129

en-us	1 Gap between luminaire and ceiling shall be sealed with sealing joint strip and gasket where luminaires are mounted.
zh-cn	1 灯具安装时，灯具与顶棚之间的间隙应用密封胶条和衬垫密封。

en-us	1 General Provision
zh-cn	1 总则

en-us	1 General Provisions
zh-cn	1 一般条款

en-us	1 General Provisions
zh-cn	1 总则

en-us	1 General Provisions
zh-cn	1总则

en-us	1 General lighting shall be provided in the workplace.
zh-cn	1 工作场所应设置一般照明；

en-us	1 General principles
zh-cn	1 总则 [暂缺]

en-us	1 Generally, allowance deviation of arch sag is 300mm;
zh-cn	1 一般情况下弧垂允许偏差为300mm；

en-us	1 Generally, allowance deviation shall not be over±2.5%;
zh-cn	1 一般情况下允许偏差不应超过±2.5%；

en-us	1 Geotechnical investigation report shall be provided with the following data:
zh-cn	1 岩土工程勘察报告应提供下列资料：

en-us	1 Geotechnical investigation report;
zh-cn	1 岩土工程勘察报告；

en-us	1 Grade A bolt shall be used where d is less than or equal to 24mm and 10d or l is less than or equal to 150mm (whichever is smaller); Grade B bolt shall be used where d is greater than 24mm and 10d or l is greater than 150mm (whichever is smaller).
zh-cn	1 A级螺栓用于d≤24mm和l≤10d或l≤150mm（按较小值）的螺栓；B级螺栓用于d>；24mm和l>；10d或l>；150mm（按较小值）的螺栓。

en-us	1 Grade HRB335 and Grade HRBF 335 hot-rolled or cold-rolled ribbed bars shall be adopted; Grade HPB 300 hot rolled plain bars may also be adopted.
zh-cn	1 应采用HRB335级和HRBF335级的热轧或冷轧带肋钢筋；也可采用HPB300级的热轧光圆钢筋。

en-us	1 Gradient of full-width one-way ramp curb ramp shall not be greater than 1∶20;
zh-cn	1 全宽式单面坡缘石坡道的坡度不应大于1∶20；

en-us	1 Green and environmental-friendly materials shall be selected for the construction.
zh-cn	1 施工应选用绿色、环保材料。

en-us	1 Greening space rate in the community is not less than 35%;
zh-cn	1 住区绿地率不小于35%；

en-us	1 Greening space rate in the new community shall not be less than 30%;
zh-cn	1 新区建设绿地率不低于30%；

en-us	1 Ground gradient of ramp entrance shall not be greater than 1∶20; where site conditions are relatively better, it should not be greater than 1∶30;
zh-cn	1 平坡出入口的地面坡度不应大于1∶20，当场地条件比较好时，不宜大于1∶30；

en-us	1 Ground of pedestrian passageway at station square shall be flat, smooth, non-slip and free from accumulated water, wheelchair ramp shall be provided with if height difference exists;
zh-cn	1 站前广场人行通道的地面应平整、防滑、不积水，有高差时应做轮椅坡道；

en-us	1 Ground of underlying rock bed with relatively large surface gradient;
zh-cn	1 下卧基岩表面坡度较大的地基；

en-us	1 Ground resistance shall be inspected; if it does not conform to the design requirements, debugging by powering on shall not be started;
zh-cn	1 应检查接地电阻，如不符合设计要求不得通电调试；

en-us	1 Group control function shall be provided where multiple elevators are arranged centralized;
zh-cn	1 多台电梯集中排列时，设置群控功能；

en-us	1 Gutter at expansion joint or settlement joint of buildings shall be arranged with deformation seam correspondingly.
zh-cn	1 房屋的伸缩缝或沉降缝处的天沟应对应设置变形缝。

en-us	1 HDTV refers to high distinctness television, R9 shall be greter than 0.
zh-cn	1HDTV指高清晰度电视；其特珠显色指数R9应大于零；

en-us	1 Hammering method shall be adopted to inspect the compactness of core column concrete of small block masonry; core drilling method or ultrasonic method may also be adopted for inspection;
zh-cn	1 对小砌块砌体的芯柱混凝土密实性，应采用锤击法进行检查，也可采用钻芯法或超声法进行检测；

en-us	1 Handrail shall be arranged on both sides of pedestrian overpass and underpass ramps and it should be arranged in upper and lower layers;
zh-cn	1 人行天桥及地道在坡道的两侧应设扶手，扶手宜设上、下两层；

en-us	1 Hard and durable crushed stone or pebble shall be selected for the coarse aggregate and the maximum grain size shall meet the following requirements:
zh-cn	1 粗骨料应选用坚硬、耐久性好的碎石或卵石。其最大粒径应符合下列规定：

en-us	1 Headform diameter of heading should not be less than 1.5 times of the diameter of wires and the height of heading should not be less than the diameter of wires;
zh-cn	1 镦头的头型直径不宜小于钢丝直径的1.5倍，高度不宜小于钢丝直径；

en-us	1 Heating equipment equipped with automatic temperature controller is used and its heating, temperature measurement and temperature control performances shall meet the service requirements;
zh-cn	1 使用配有温度自动控制仪的加热设备，其加热、测温、控温性能应符合使用要求；

en-us	1 Height between lower opening of accessible urinal and the ground shall not be less than 400mm.1.20m high vertical grab bar shall be arranged at both sides of urinal with 250mm distant from the wall surface and 900mm high horizontal grab bar shall be arranged at places with 550mm distant from the wall surface and be connected with vertical grab bar;
zh-cn	1 无障碍小便器下口距地面高度不应大于400mm，小便器两侧应在离墙面250mm处，设高度为1.20m的垂直安全抓杆，并在离墙面550mm处，设高度为900mm水平安全抓杆，与垂直安全抓杆连接；

en-us	1 High frequency electronic ballast installation;
zh-cn	1 采用高频电子镇流器；

en-us	1 High temperature cooling source preparation mode and fresh air dehumidification mode shall be determined based on technical and economic analysis with consideration of climate characteristics;
zh-cn	1 应根据气候特点，经技术经济分析论证，确定高温冷源的制备方式和新风除湿方式；

en-us	1 High volume utilization ratio, good heat exchange effect, energy saving and water saving;
zh-cn	1 容积利用率高，换热效果好，节能、节水；

en-us	1 Holes in the concrete perforated brick used for load bearing wall shall be vertical to the top face.
zh-cn	1 承重墙体的混凝土多孔砖的孔洞应垂直于铺浆面。

en-us	1 Horizontal construction joints shall be set lower than the bottom of anchor bolts and the distance to the bottom of anchor bolts shall be larger than 150mm; when the anchor bolts are less than 30mm in diameter, the horizontal construction joints may be set in the positions where the depth is not less than 3/4 of the total depth of anchor bolts embedded parts.
zh-cn	1 水平施工缝应低于地脚螺栓底端，与地脚螺栓底端的距离应大于150mm；当地脚螺栓直径小于30mm时，水平施工缝可留设在深度不小于地脚螺栓埋入混凝土部分总长度的3/4处。

en-us	1 Horizontal evacuation channels shall not be lower than 1 lx, and personnel intensive places and refuge floors (between) shall not be lower than 2 lx;
zh-cn	1 水平疏散通道不应低于1lx，人员密集场所、避难层（间）不应低于2lx；

en-us	1 Horizontal line in corner tower foundation refers to the direction of inner angular bisector, line direction refers corner angular bisector direction.
zh-cn	1 转角塔基础的横线路是指内角平分线方向，顺线路方向是指转角平分线方向。

en-us	1 Horizontal seismic action is usually calculated according to the direction of two main axes of the building;
zh-cn	1 一般情况下，按房屋的两个主轴方向分别计算水平地震作用；

en-us	1 Hospital operating room shall maintain 30% lighting of normal lighting;
zh-cn	1 医院手术室应维持正常照明的30%照度；

en-us	1 Hot water consumption and total supply heat of the system is suggested to be monitored;
zh-cn	1 对系统热水耗量和系统总供热量宜进行监测；

en-us	1 Hotels and restaurants with building area larger than 30, 000m 2;
zh-cn	1 建筑面积大于3万m2的宾馆、饭店；

en-us	1 Hydrant system shall be arranged in all the stations and section tunnels exceeding 200m.
zh-cn	1 车站及超过200m的地下区间隧道应设消火栓系统。

en-us	1 If connection terminal is adopted for wiring connections, the wire end number of wiring at each terminal should not exceed 3 and metallic gaskets shall be adopted for the separation of the wires.
zh-cn	1 配线采用接线端子方式连接时，每个端子上的配线不宜超过3个线头。连接时，各线间应用金属垫片隔开。

en-us	1 If insulated isolation is required between cabling rack (tray) and cabinet (rack), various insulation pipe gaskets shall be installed in a complete manner without damage.
zh-cn	1 走线架（槽）与机柜（架）间需绝缘隔离时，各种绝缘管垫应安装齐全，并无损伤。

en-us	1 If slight scrape depth of exterior conductor strand is not over 1/4 of single strand diameter, and damage of cross section is not more than 2% of conduction cross section, patch is not necessary. Use fine sand paper below 0#to polish surface edge;
zh-cn	1 外层导线线股有轻微擦伤，其擦伤深度不超过单股直径的1/4，且截面积损伤不超过导电部分截面积的2%时，可不补修，用不粗于0＃细砂纸磨光表面棱刺；

en-us	1 If the concrete is discovered to be with pitted surface, edge defects, corner losing, antistraight edges and corners, and warped shape when inspecting the pouring quality of concrete, the construction organization shall be ordered to repair these defects, and then the concrete pouring quality shall be rechecked for acceptance.
zh-cn	1 当检查混凝土浇筑质量时，若发现有麻面、缺棱、掉角、棱角不直、翘曲不平等外形缺陷，应责令施工单位进行修补后，重新检查验收。

en-us	1 If the daily maximum temperature is above 0℃ successively for 5 days;
zh-cn	1 日最高气温连续5d高于0℃时；

en-us	1 If the diaphragm wall or the curtain for cutting off drains is used to cut off underground water, the permeability coefficient of the curtain should be less than 1.0×10-4m/d and the vertical curtain shall insert the underlying impermeable stratum in such a depth to meet the requirements of anti-seepage stability.
zh-cn	1 采用地下连续墙或隔水帷幕隔离地下水，隔离帷幕渗透系数宜小于1.0×10-4m/d，竖向截水帷幕深度应插入下卧不透水层，其插入深度应满足抗渗流稳定的要求。

en-us	1 If the elevated section adopts the ballast bed as the emergency evacuation exit, then the train shall be equipped with emergency evacuation conditions and corresponding facilities.
zh-cn	1 当高架区间利用道床做应急疏散通道时，列车应具备应急疏散条件和相应设施。

en-us	1 If the height of ice and snow buildings for climbing surpasses 5m, safety devices shall be incorporated, and security-tested devices shall be available. The maintenance devices for safety, an evacuation platform and channel shall be required on the top of the building.
zh-cn	1 冰雪攀爬活动项目高度超过5m时，应采取安全攀登防护措施，并应提供或安装经安全测试合格的攀登辅助工具，顶部应设安全维护设施、疏散平台和通道。

en-us	1 If the minimum size of column, wall and beam structures is greater than 2m and the concrete strength grade is greater than or equal to C60, the temperature measuring shall be carried out.
zh-cn	1 柱、墙、梁结构实体最小尺寸大于2m，且混凝土强度等级不低于C60时，应进行测温。

en-us	1 If the shielded cables of signaling trunk are led indoors, the shielding layer shall be earthed; shielded connections shall be adopted for splicing between cables.
zh-cn	1 信号干线屏蔽电缆引入室内时，其屏蔽层应接地；电缆中间接续应进行屏蔽连接。

en-us	1 If the train has stopped at the station correctly and the train speed is zero, the command to allow the opening of the train doors at the platform side is output.
zh-cn	1 当列车已正确停站且车速为零时，输出允许站台侧车门开启的命令。

en-us	1 If the turnout is at normal position or reverse position status, the closure of the switch rail and stock rail shall be in good condition; in case of normal turnout switching, the motor shall not slip.
zh-cn	1 道岔在定位或反位状态时，尖轨与基本轨密贴应良好；道岔在正常转换时，电机不应空转。

en-us	1 If there are relevant requirements specified by the local authority, the local requirements shall apply.
zh-cn	1 若地方有相关规定，则按地方规定执行。

en-us	1 If welding is required in the sensor installation, it shall meet the relevant requirements of the current national standard GB 50236 Code for Construction and Acceptance of Field Equipment, Industrial Pipe Welding Engineering;
zh-cn	1 传感器的安装需进行焊接时，应符合现行国家标准《现场设备、工业管道焊接工程施工及验收规范》GB 50236有关规定；

en-us	1 Illuminance value shall not be less than the design value;
zh-cn	1 照度值不得小于设计值；

en-us	1 Impact;
zh-cn	1 撞击；

en-us	1 Imported steel materials;
zh-cn	1 国外进口钢材；

en-us	1 In DC traction power supply system, the return cable shall be insulative to the ground.
zh-cn	1 在直流牵引供电系统中，回流电缆应对地绝缘。

en-us	1 In amateur competitions, the horizontal ratio of the minimum illuminance to the maximum value shall not be less than 0.4, and the ratio of the minimum illuminance to the average value shall not be less than 0.6.
zh-cn	1 业余比赛时，场地水平照度最小值与最大值之比不应小于0.4，最小值与平均值之比不应小于0.6；

en-us	1 In areas where underground water moves intensively at rock-soil interface, the influence of sinkhole formed under the action of underground water shall be considered, and the tendency of underground water variation during the service period of building shall be forecasted.
zh-cn	1 在地下水强烈活动于岩土交界面的地区，应考虑由地下水作用所形成的土洞对地基的影响，预测地下水位在建筑物使用期间的变化趋势。

en-us	1 In automatic control mode, the start, stop and automatic exit sequence of the system equipment shall meet the design and processing requirements;
zh-cn	1 自动控制模式下，系统设备的启动、停止和自动退出顺序应符合设计和工艺要求；

en-us	1 In batch evaluation, the factor weight shall be determined according to the requirements in Table 10.0.4:
zh-cn	1 批次评价应按表10.0.4的规定进行要素权重确定：

en-us	1 In case all the inspection results for structural performance of precast members meet the inspection requirements in Articles B. 1. 1~B.
zh-cn	1 当预制构件结构性能的全部检验结果均满足本规范第B.1.1条～第B.1.5条的检验要求时，该批构件可判为合格；

en-us	1 In case of any of the following conditions, the sub-work is non-eligible:
zh-cn	1 有下列情况之一者为不合格：

en-us	1 In case of curing under negative temperature, watering is not allowed and exposed surface shall be covered;
zh-cn	1 在负温条件下养护时，严禁浇水，外露表面必须覆盖；

en-us	1 In case of oversize weld collar, excessive convexity, or excessive reinforcement, excessive weld metal shall be removed by grinding or carbon arc air gouging;
zh-cn	1 焊缝焊瘤、凸起或余高过大，应采用砂轮或碳弧气刨清除过量的焊缝金属；

en-us	1 In case of rigid connection of beam's both ends and column, assume that deformation form of beam make inflection point at mid-span, take out semi-span beam, far-end hinged brace, calculate near-end rotation angle (θ) via imposing the bending moment (M) at near end and rotation restraint shall be calculated according to the following formula:
zh-cn	1 在梁的两端都与柱子刚接时，假设梁的变形形式使得反弯点出现在梁的跨中，取出半跨梁，远端铰支，在近端施加弯矩（M），求出近端的转角（θ），应由下式计算转动约束：

en-us	1 In fine visual task place where vision requirement is high, the distance from the eye to the recognition objective is greater than 500mm;
zh-cn	1 视觉要求高的精细作业场所，眼睛至识别对象的距离大于500mm；

en-us	1 In high humidity places, luminaires with corresponding protective measures shall be adopted.
zh-cn	1 特别潮湿场所，应采用相应防护措施的灯具；

en-us	1 In interlocking test, electric switches of speed limiter and safety gear must be operated reliably, and shall brake main drive immediately;
zh-cn	1 限速器与安全钳电气开关在联动试验中必须动作可靠，且应使驱动主机立即制动；

en-us	1 In interlocking test, electric switches of speed limiter and safety gear must be operated reliably, and shall stop elevator operation.
zh-cn	1 限速器（安全绳）与安全钳电气开关在联动试验中必须动作可靠，且应使电梯停止运行。

en-us	1 In normal conditions, the switchover between the station control and control center control needs completion of complete procedure of authorization and reception of control power.
zh-cn	1 在正常情况下，车站控制权和中央控制权之间的转换需经过完整的授权、受权操作手续。

en-us	1 In order to clarify the difference in strictness degrees during the execution this Code, different wording used for the purpose of marking different strictness is explained as follows:
zh-cn	1 为便于在执行本规范条文时区别对待，对要求严格程度不同的用词说明如下：

en-us	1 In order to treat different situations according to their individual conditions during the implementation of this code. The words denoting the different degrees of strictness of demands are explained as follows:
zh-cn	1 为便于在执行本规范条文时区别对待，对要求严格程度不同的用词说明如下：

en-us	1 In severe cold and cold zones the heat consumption index shall be the control target for residential buildings;
zh-cn	1 严寒、寒冷地区的住宅应以建筑物耗热量指标为控制目标。

en-us	1 In sub-work evaluation, the factor weight shall be determined according to the requirements in Table 10.0.6:
zh-cn	1 单位工程评价应按表10.0.6的规定进行要素权重确定：

en-us	1 In terms of building envelope index, the residential buildings shall meet 2 extra items at least while the public buildings shall meet 3 extra items at least;
zh-cn	1 在围护结构指标方面，居住建筑满足的优选项数不应少于2项，公共建筑满足的优选项数不应少于3项；

en-us	1 In the above table, if there are two values in one grid, then the value before "/" is the limit for principal area (PA) and the one after "/" is the limit for total area (TA).
zh-cn	1 表中同一格有两个值时，“/”前为主赛区 （PA）的值，“/”后为总赛区 （TA）的值；

en-us	1 In the above table, if there are two values in one grid, then the value before "/" is the limit for the internal field and the one after "/" is the limit for the external field.
zh-cn	1 表中同一格有两个值时，“/”前为内场的值，“/”后为外场的值；

en-us	1 In the area of multilevel roofs, for which the distribution width is within the twice of the height difference of the roofs and is not greater than 6m, 2.0 should be taken.
zh-cn	1 在高低跨处两倍于屋面高差但不大于6.0m的分布宽度内取2.0；

en-us	1 In the base course, H is the distance from top floor (or the level of supporting points) to bottom bearing of the element; on other floors, H is the distance between floors or other horizontal supporting points;
zh-cn	1 构件在底层时，构件高度H取楼板顶面或上水平支承点到构件下端支承距离；构件在其他层时，构件高度H，取楼板或其他水平支承点间的距离；

en-us	1 In the base course, H is the distance from top floor (or the level of supporting points) to bottom bearing of the element; on other floors, H is the distance between floors or other horizontal supporting points;
zh-cn	1 构件在底层时，构件高度H取楼板顶面或上水平支承点到构件下端支承距离；构件在其他层时，构件高度H，取楼板或其他水平支点间的距离；

en-us	1 In the car park, the wide ramp originally designed as single lane must not be used as dual lane.
zh-cn	1 库内坡道严禁将宽的单车道兼作双车道。

en-us	1 In the case of covering curing, plastic membrane, plastic membrane and jute bag, plastic membrane and straw mats should cover on the exposed surface of concrete;
zh-cn	1 覆盖养护宜在混凝土裸露表面覆盖塑料薄膜、塑料薄膜加麻袋、塑料薄膜加草帘进行；

en-us	1 In the design of roof slabs, purlins, reinforced concrete eaves, canopies and pre-cast beams, the characteristic value of the concentrated load shall not be less than 1.0 kN for construction or maintenance, and the checking calculation shall be carried out for the concentrated load acting on the most unfavorable locations.
zh-cn	1 设计屋面板、檩条、钢筋混凝土挑檐、悬挑雨篷和预制小梁时，施工或检修集中荷载标准值不应小于1.0kN，并应在最不利位置处进行验算；

en-us	1 In the north, north by west 60° to north by east 60°;
zh-cn	1 北向应为北偏西60°至北偏东60°；

en-us	1 In the procedure of framework erection, it shall add the requirements of setting up grout hole and vent hole.
zh-cn	1 在安装模板的工序中，应增加设置灌浆孔和排气孔的规定。

en-us	1 Incandescent lamp needs lighting for 5min;
zh-cn	1 白炽灯需燃点5min；

en-us	1 Indoor aisle shall not be less than 1.20m and width of indoor aisle in large-sized public buildings with relatively many people or relatively concentrated people flow should not be less than 1.80m;
zh-cn	1 室内走道不应小于1.20m，人流较多或较集中的大型公共建筑的室内走道宽度不宜小于1.80m；

en-us	1 Information accessibility equipment and facilities shall be arranged according to demands and local conditions so as to make people conveniently accessible to various information;
zh-cn	1 根据需求，因地制宜设置信息无障碍的设备和设施，使人们便捷地获取各类信息；

en-us	1 Inspect and determine the scope of defects;
zh-cn	1 检查确定缺陷的范围；

en-us	1 Inspection for pumping water shall be performed first and such parts as hopper and piston in contact with concrete directly shall be fully wet; accumulated water in concrete pump shall be removed after the inspection;
zh-cn	1 应先进行泵水检查，并应湿润输送泵的料斗、活塞等直接与混凝土接触的部位；泵水检查后，应清除输送泵内积水；

en-us	1 Inspection methods for slump and Vebe consistency shall meet the relevant requirements of current national standard GB/T 50080 Standard for Test Method of Performance on Ordinary Fresh Concrete.
zh-cn	1 坍落度和维勃稠度的检验方法，应符合现行国家标准《普通混凝土拌合物性能试验方法标准》GB/T 50080的有关规定；

en-us	1 Inspection on the installation and connection work of hardware and software shall be completed and the power on work of equipment shall be normal;
zh-cn	1 应完成硬、软件的安装与连接工作的检查，设备通电工作应正常；

en-us	1 Installation levelness of equipment in cabinet shall be guaranteed and the construction shall not be carried out in dusty or unclean environment;
zh-cn	1 应保证机柜内设备安装的水平度，不得在有尘、不洁环境下施工；

en-us	1 Installation of coaxial cable connector shall guarantee that the internal and external conductors of cable are reliably connected respectively;
zh-cn	1 同轴电缆连接器安装应保证电缆的内、外导体分别连接可靠；

en-us	1 Installation of loudspeaker system shall be consistent with the design, the centralized, dispersed installation mode or the combination of both may be selected and shall meet the requirements for whole site coverage and sound field uniformity;
zh-cn	1 扬声器系统安装应与设计一致，可选用集中式、分散式或集中分散相结合的安装方式，并应满足全场覆盖及声场均匀度要求；

en-us	1 Insulation enclosure of lamp cap shall be free from such defects as damage and cracks; as for the lamp cap with switch, the switch handle shall be without exposed metal parts;
zh-cn	1 灯头绝缘外壳不应有破损或裂纹等缺陷；带开关的灯头，开关手柄不应有裸露的金属部分；

en-us	1 Integral or section installation may be adopted for the steel truss (roof truss);
zh-cn	1 钢桁架(屋架)可采用整榀或分段安装；

en-us	1 Integrity of rock constitution shall not be impacted;
zh-cn	1 岩石构造的整体性不受破坏；

en-us	1 Interface performance testing of ATP, ATO and ATS systems.
zh-cn	1 ATP、ATO和ATS系统的接口性能测试。

en-us	1 Interface treatment and the brushing quality of structural interfacial adhesive (agent);
zh-cn	1 界面处理及涂刷结构界面胶(剂)的质量；

en-us	1 It is assumed that there are ms actions in the combination. Firstly, arrange the actions from smaller one to larger one according to the number, ri, of the total time interval of modeled action Qi (t) within design reference period T, namely r1≤r2≤…≤rm.
zh-cn	1 设m种作用参与组合，将模型化后的作用Qi（t）在设计基准期T内的总时段数ri，按顺序由小到大排列，即r1≤r2≤…

en-us	1 It is fit for air exhaust to outdoor and air suction from outdoor;
zh-cn	1 应能通畅地向室外排放空气和自室外吸入空气；

en-us	1 It is not specified in the current national standard GB 50009 Load Code for the Design of Building Structures;
zh-cn	1 现行国家标准《建筑结构荷载规范》GB 50009尚无规定；

en-us	1 It is only applicable to the strengthening of fired common brick column in Intensity 6 seismic fortification area or below;
zh-cn	1 仅适用于6度及6度以下抗震设防区的烧结普通砖柱的加固；

en-us	1 It may be determined by the technicality and project position;
zh-cn	1 可按专业性质、工程部位确定；

en-us	1 It shall be able to conduct grouping control to all luminaires of the competition area, and display the working status of luminaires;
zh-cn	1 应能对全部比赛场地照明灯具进行编组控制，并显示其工作状态；

en-us	1 It shall be installed orthogonal to the pipeline and its axis shall be vertically crossed with the pipeline axis;
zh-cn	1 应与管道相互垂直安装，轴线应与管道轴线垂直相交；

en-us	1 It shall be less than or equal to 15% for Grade Ⅰm motor.
zh-cn	1 Ⅰm级砂浆不得大于15%。

en-us	1 It shall be no less than 1/3 of the total mounting holes;
zh-cn	1 不应少于安装孔总数的1/3；

en-us	1 It shall have functions of water treatment, such as filtration, corrosion mitigation, scale inhibition, sterilization and algae killing.
zh-cn	1 应具有过滤、缓蚀、阻垢、杀菌、灭藻等水处理功能；

en-us	1 It shall not be less than 1.80 m2 with toilet stool and washbasin;
zh-cn	1 设便器、洗面器时不应小于1.80m2；

en-us	1 It shall not be less than 120s for cement mortar and cement composite mortar;
zh-cn	1 水泥砂浆和水泥混合砂浆不应少于120s；

en-us	1 It shall not be less than 75% of designed concrete strength grade;
zh-cn	1 不应低于设计混凝土强度等级值的75%；

en-us	1 It shall not be less than 9 m2 for a double bedroom;
zh-cn	1 双人卧室不应小于9m2；

en-us	1 It shall not be placed in the same mortar seam together with the steel tie of wall and column and the embedment length of the tie member into mortar seam shall not be less than 60mm;
zh-cn	1 不应与墙、柱其他拉结钢筋搁置在同一灰缝内，拉结件在灰缝内的埋入长度不应小于60mm；

en-us	1 It shall not use non-conforming inspection lot of materials, members and accessories, appliance and semi-finished products;
zh-cn	1 材料、构配件、器具及半成品检验批不合格时不得使用；

en-us	1 It should not be greater than 105%of rated voltage and not be less than 95%of rated voltage;
zh-cn	1 不宜高于额定电压的105%，且不宜低于额定电压的95%；

en-us	1 Item projects which are reworked, adjusted or whose components are replaced shall be reinspected and reaccepted;
zh-cn	1 经返工重做、调整或更换部件的分项工程，应重新验收；

en-us	1 Its position should be near public toilet and convenient for people riding a wheelchair to enter into and turn; the turning diameter shall not be less than 1.50m;
zh-cn	1 位置宜靠近公共厕所，应方便乘轮椅者进入和进行回转，回转直径不小于1.50m；

en-us	1 Joint connection segment refers to the segment with length 1.3 times of overlapping length, which takes smaller diameter of two interconnected rebars.
zh-cn	1 接头连接区段是指长度为1.3倍搭接长度的区段。搭接长度取相互连接两根钢筋中较小直径计算。

en-us	1 Joint connection segment refers to the segment with length of 35d and not less than 500mm, here d is a small diameter of two interconnected rebars.
zh-cn	1 接头连接区段是指长度为35d且不小于500mm的区段，d为相互连接两根钢筋的直径较小值。

en-us	1 Key control items of item project shall be 100% inspected, ordinary items shall be random checked, and shall comply with certification quality requirement.
zh-cn	1 各分项工程中的主控项目应进行全验，一般项目应进行抽验，且均应符合合格质量规定。

en-us	1 L in this table denotes the building length or the length of unit separated by settlement joint, (m); Hf denotes the building height calculating from the foundation base elevation (m);
zh-cn	1 表中L为建筑物长度或沉降缝分隔的单元长度（m）；Hf为自基础底面标高算起的建筑物高度（m）；

en-us	1 L in this table is the span of frame;
zh-cn	1 表中L为跨度；

en-us	1 L represents member length, in mm;
zh-cn	1 L为构件长度，单位为mm；

en-us	1 Lamp tube shall be intact without crack;
zh-cn	1 灯管应完好，无破裂；

en-us	1 Lateral stiffness of structure of first underground storey is greater than or equal to 1.5 times the lateral stiffness of ground floor of the superstructure connected with basement.
zh-cn	1 地下一层的结构侧向刚度大于或等于与其相连的上部结构底层楼层侧向刚度的1.5倍。

en-us	1 Lay cut and inspected fabrics on base course that has been coated with adhesive;
zh-cn	1 将裁剪好、经检查无误的纤维织物敷在涂好胶粘剂的基层上；

en-us	1 Leakage protection devices of power and lighting should be carried out of simulated action test, and make the test records.
zh-cn	1 动力和照明的漏电保护装置，应进行模拟动作试验，并作好试验记录。

en-us	1 Leveling accuracy shall be in±15mm range for AC double speed elevators with rated speed less than or equal to 0.63m/s;
zh-cn	1 额定速度小于等于0.63m/s的交流双速电梯，应在±15mm的范围内；

en-us	1 Lifts shall be convenient for the disabled to use.
zh-cn	1 电梯的设置应方便残障乘客的使用。

en-us	1 Light source and its accessories must be used in match with the ballast, trigger and current limiter.
zh-cn	1 光源及附件必须与镇流器、触发器和限流器配套使用。

en-us	1 Light source and lighting equipment in landscape areas shall be selected and configured for a good visual effect, reasonable distribution, appropriate light illumination, prominent colors and appropriate exchange.
zh-cn	1 景观区域光源、灯具的选择和配置，应视觉效果良好，布局合理，照度适宜，亮度明晰，色彩突出，变换得当。

en-us	1 Light source with larger single-lamp power and higher lighting effect is suggested to be adopted for general lighting under meeting the condition of illumination uniformity, fluorescent high-pressure mercury lamp is not suggested to be selected and self-ballasted fluorescent high-pressure mercury lamp shall not be selected.
zh-cn	1 一般照明在满足照度均匀度条件下，宜选择单灯功率较大、光效较高的光源，不宜选用荧光高压汞灯，不应选用自镇流荧光高压汞灯；

en-us	1 Light sources which are economical, eco-friendly and energy saving shall be chosen.
zh-cn	1 应选用经济合理，节能环保的光源。

en-us	1 Lighting control shall be performed by zoning and grouping in combination with building service condition and natural daylight condition;
zh-cn	1 照明控制应结合建筑使用情况及天然采光状况，进行分区、分组控制；

en-us	1 Lighting shall be set for the whole track for freestyle skiing and snowboard.
zh-cn	1 自由式滑雪、单板滑雪全赛道应设置照明；

en-us	1 Lighting shall be set for the whole track of alpine skiing(See Figure 6.2.13-1, Figure 6.2.13-2).
zh-cn	1 跳台滑雪全赛道应设置照明（图6.2.13-1、图6.2.13-2）；

en-us	1 Lighting should be mounted on poles for competition area.
zh-cn	1 场地宜采用灯杆照明；

en-us	1 Lighting standard values of sports buildings without TV broadcasting shall meet the requirements of table 5.3.12-1;
zh-cn	1 无电视转播的体育建筑照明标准值应符合表5.3.12-1的规定；

en-us	1 Limit states design method expressed by the partial coefficients should be adopted in the structural design of forms and their supports;
zh-cn	1 模板及支架的结构设计宜采用以分项系数表达的极限状态设计方法；

en-us	1 Limits of vertical deflection, beam end angle and vertical natural vibration frequency of the bridge span structures under the static live loads;
zh-cn	1 桥跨结构在静活载作用下竖向挠度限值、梁端转角限值和竖向自振频率限值；

en-us	1 Line erection construction of optical fiber composite overhead ground wire shall adopt tension stringing method;
zh-cn	1 光纤复合架空地线的架线施工必须采用张力放线方法；

en-us	1 Linear interpolation is allowable for adjustment coefficient, if design working life is not listed in the table.
zh-cn	1 当设计使用年限不为表中数值时，调整系数γL可按线性内插确定；

en-us	1 Live loads listed in this table are suitable onty for ordinary usage conditions. When the live load may be greater or be in an exceptional case, the values of actual live loads shall be adopted.
zh-cn	1 本表所给各项活荷载适用于一般使用条件，当使用荷载较大、情况特殊或有专门要求时，应按实际情况采用；

en-us	1 Load condition of the enclosed and partially enclosed buildings: (+i) represents that internal pressure being pressed, while (-i) represents that being a suction force.
zh-cn	1封闭式和部分封闭式房屋荷载工况中的（+i）表示内压为压力，（-i）表示内压为吸力。

en-us	1 Load rig, support and support pier etc. used for test shall be provided with adequate safety margin of bearing capacity;
zh-cn	1 试验的加荷设备、支架、支墩等，应有足够的承载力安全储备；

en-us	1 Loading by load block may be applicable for evenly distributed load test.
zh-cn	1 荷重块加载可用于均布加载试验。

en-us	1 Longitudinal temperature section should not be greater than 300m;
zh-cn	1 纵向温度区段不宜大于300m；

en-us	1 Low height ticket window shall be arranged for ticket office at main entrance;
zh-cn	1 主要出入口的售票处应设置低位售票窗口；

en-us	1 Luminaire and foundation shall be reliably fixed and the ground bolt shall be equipped with anti-looseness measures; the waterproof sealing cushion of the cover of luminaire connecting box shall be complete and integrate;
zh-cn	1 灯具与基础应固定可靠，地脚螺栓应有防松措施；灯具接线盒盒盖防水密封垫齐全、完整；

en-us	1 Luminaire frame shall be clung to the mounting surface;
zh-cn	1 灯具的边框应紧贴安装面；

en-us	1 Luminaire mounting shall be firm and reliable and shall be arranged with facilities for maintenance and replacement of light source;
zh-cn	1 灯具安装牢固可靠，且应设置维修和更换光源的设施；

en-us	1 Luminaire surface shall be flat, smooth and clean as well as uniform in color; products shall be free from obvious crack, scratch, defection, rust and deformation; and the surface film shall be free from such defects as obvious sagging, foaming, cedrat, pinhole, lifting, bleeding or impurity;
zh-cn	1 灯具表面应平整光洁，色泽均匀；产品无明显的裂纹、划痕、缺损、锈蚀及变形；表面漆膜不应有明显的流挂、起泡、橘皮、针孔、咬底、渗色和杂质等缺陷；

en-us	1 Luminaires mounted in rows, switches and sockets installed in parallel and their central axis, vertical misalignment and height to the floor;
zh-cn	1 成排安装的灯具、并列安装的开关、插座，其中心轴线、垂直偏差、距地面高度；

en-us	1 Luminaires of ClassⅠor classⅡmeeting those specified in GB 7000. 1 Luminaires—Part 1: General requirements and test shall be used for indoor application.
zh-cn	1 室内场所应选用符合现行国家标准《灯具 第1部分：一般要求与试验》GB 7000.1规定的Ⅰ类灯具或Ⅱ类灯具，室外场所应选用Ⅰ类灯具；

en-us	1 Machine rooms shall be provided fixed electrical lighting luminaries, and illumination on floor surface shall not be less than 200 lx.0ne or more electric power sockets shall be installed inside the machine room.
zh-cn	1 机房内应设有固定的电气照明，地板表面上的照度不应小于200lx。机房内应设置一个或多个电源插座。

en-us	1 Magnifier may be adopted for crack observation.
zh-cn	1 观察裂缝出现可采用放大镜。

en-us	1 Main entrance of building shall be accessible;
zh-cn	1 建筑的主要出入口应为无障碍出入口；

en-us	1 Main entrance of buildings for teachers, students and infants shall be accessible and it should be ramp entrance;
zh-cn	1 凡教师、学生和婴幼儿使用的建筑物主要出入口应为无障碍出入口，宜设置为平坡出入口；

en-us	1 Main entrance of residential green space shall be arranged accessible; If entrances are more than 3, accessible entrance shall not be less than 2;
zh-cn	1 居住绿地的主要出入口应设置为无障碍出入口；有3个以上出入口时，无障碍出入口不应少于2个；

en-us	1 Main entrance shall be arranged as accessible entrance, entrance with automatic ticket-checking equipments shall be arranged with ticket gate specially for people riding a wheelchair;
zh-cn	1 主要出入口应设置为无障碍出入口，设有自动检票设备的出入口，也应设置专供乘轮椅者使用的检票口；

en-us	1 Main reinforced bar space: ±10mm;
zh-cn	1 主筋间距：±10mm；

en-us	1 Maintenance for the civil construction facilities, rolling stock and mechanical and electrical equipments and all the parts or facilities that may affect the safe operation shall cover maintenance, inspection and overhaul.
zh-cn	1 土建设施、车辆和机电设备的维修应包含维护、检查和检修，应包括可能对安全运行产生影响的所有部件或设施。

en-us	1 Maintenance management and the arranged maintenance facilities shall meet conform to the product maintenance manual and the design requirements.
zh-cn	1 维修管理与配置的维修设施应符合产品维修手册和设计要求。

en-us	1 Make mould according to the design requirements;
zh-cn	1 根据设计要求制作模具；

en-us	1 Make-break operation shall be conducted over the power switch to inspect the power supply display signal;
zh-cn	1 应在电源开关上做通断操作检查电源显示信号的试验；

en-us	1 Making statistics of environmental parameters at the station.
zh-cn	1 对车站环境参数进行统计。

en-us	1 Marks for control circuit of luminaire and lighting distribution box circuit shall be consistent;
zh-cn	1 灯具控制回路与照明配电箱的回路标识应一致；

en-us	1 Master power switch shall be able to cut off elevator max. current under normal operating condition;
zh-cn	1 主电源开关应能够切断电梯正常使用情况下最大电流；

en-us	1 Master power switch shall not cut off power socket, lighting power necessary for inspection and maintenance.
zh-cn	1 主电源开关不应切断电源插座、检修和维护所必需的照明电源。

en-us	1 Material quality certification or test report;
zh-cn	1 材料质量证明文件或检测报告；

en-us	1 Measure insulation resistance of transmission line;
zh-cn	1 测定线路绝缘电阻；

en-us	1 Measurement location name;
zh-cn	1 测量场所名称；

en-us	1 Measures shall be taken against overturn and slippage;
zh-cn	1 应有抗倾覆和抗滑移措施；

en-us	1 Measures to avoid any out-of-plane deformation shall be taken during the hoisting of the steel plate shear wall;
zh-cn	1 钢板剪力墙吊装时应采取防止平面外的变形措施；

en-us	1 Meeting the requirements of engineering investigation and design documents;
zh-cn	1 符合工程勘察、设计文件的要求；

en-us	1 Members shall be divided into different categories according to structural characteristic and members in the same category shall be cast with concrete of same batch continuously;
zh-cn	1 应根据结构特点进行构件分区，同一构件分区应采用同批混凝土，并应连续浇筑；

en-us	1 Metal halide lamps and high-voltage sodium lamps can be used for snow sculptures. The distance between the lamps and snow landscapes shall be greater than 2.0m;
zh-cn	1 雪雕景观照明可选用金属卤化物灯和高压钠灯，灯具距雪景距离不应小于2.0m；

en-us	1 Metal selvedge components shall be set at the adjoiner between the cement integral surface course under intense mechanical effect and other surface course;
zh-cn	1 有强烈机械作用下的水泥类整体面层与其他类型的面层邻接处，应设置金属镶边构件；

en-us	1 Micro irrigation should be mainly adopted if the reclaimed water is used for greening;
zh-cn	1 绿地浇洒采用中水时，宜采用以微灌为主的浇洒方式；

en-us	1 Milling amount of ends shall be predetermined according to the process requirements and it should be no less than 5mm;
zh-cn	1 应根据工艺要求预先确定端部铣削量，铣削量不宜小于5mm；

en-us	1 Model and specification of conductor, overhead-grounding wire shall be consistent with design construction drawing;
zh-cn	1 导线及架空地线型号、规格应与设计施工图相符；

en-us	1 Monitoring data analysis;
zh-cn	1 监测数据分析；

en-us	1 Monitoring of equipments at stations and sections.
zh-cn	1 车站及区间设备的监控。

en-us	1 Monitoring the operation state of the whole-line building automatic systems and conducting centralized monitoring and management of the system equipments.
zh-cn	1 监视全线环境与设备监控系统的设备运行状态，对系统设备进行集中监控和管理。

en-us	1 Movable external sunshade is suggested to be arranged in the east-west direction and horizontal external sunshade is suggested to be arranged in the south direction;
zh-cn	1 东西向宜设置活动外遮阳，南向宜设置水平外遮阳；

en-us	1 Network management system software shall be installed at the network management workstation and the highest management authority shall be configured;
zh-cn	1 应在网络管理工作站安装网络管理系统软件，并应配置最高管理权限；

en-us	1 Neutral grease;
zh-cn	1 中性；

en-us	1 Night-time welding operation shall be provided with light shielding.
zh-cn	1 夜间焊接作业时，应采取挡光措施。

en-us	1 No chlorine salt is allowed in foundation concrete.
zh-cn	1 基础混凝土中严禁掺入氯盐；

en-us	1 No control voltage;
zh-cn	1 无控制电压；

en-us	1 No obvious problems related to the serviceability, such as deformation, crack, displacement, and vibration, are detected;
zh-cn	1 结构未出现明显的影响结构正常使用的变形、裂缝、位移、振动等适用性问题；

en-us	1 No obvious surface damages impairing the load carrying capacity of the structural members occurs;
zh-cn	1 结构构件出现尚未明显影响承载力的表面损伤；

en-us	1 No pure grout shall be adopted; it shall adopt motor (hereinafter referred to as mixture) mixed from 70% grout and 30% fine stone concrete, and the maximum particle diameter of coarse aggregate in fine stone concrete shall be less than or equal to 12.5mm.
zh-cn	1 不得采用纯灌浆料，而应采用以70%灌浆料与30%细石混凝土混合而成的浆料(以下简称混合料)，且细石混凝土粗骨料的最大粒径不应大于12.5mm。

en-us	1 No-load braking test of escalator and automatic conveyor shall be conducted, braking distances shall meet the requirement in Table 6.3.6-1.
zh-cn	1 自动扶梯、自动人行道应进行空载制动试验，制停距离应符合表6.3.6-1的规定。

en-us	1 Noise in machine room: shall not larger than 80dB (A) for elevators whose rated speed is less than or equal to 4m/s; shall not larger than 85dB (A) for elevators whose rated speed is larger than 4m/s.
zh-cn	1 机房噪声：对额定速度小于等于4m/s的电梯，不应大于80dB（A）；对额定速度大于4m/s的电梯，不应大于85dB（A）。

en-us	1 Non-pollution, incombustible and flame-retardant materials and those won't generate any harmful gas after combustion shall be selected;
zh-cn	1 保温材料应选用非污染、不燃、难燃且燃后不产生有害气体的材料；

en-us	1 Normal lighting shall be provided for indoor work and relevant auxiliary places.
zh-cn	1 室内工作及相关辅助场所，均应设置正常照明；

en-us	1 Normal tensile bonding strength between structural interfacial adhesive (agent) and concrete and its failure mode;
zh-cn	1 与混凝土的正拉粘结强度及其破坏形式；

en-us	1 Not conform to the requirements of Article 7.5.5 of this Code;
zh-cn	1 不符合本规范第7.5.5条要求；

en-us	1 Not exceed 33℃ where the train compartment is not equipped with air conditioners.
zh-cn	1 当列车车厢不设置空调时，不应高于33℃。

en-us	1 Not less than 50% of hard ground surfaces on site shall be provided with shading or paved with light color material with a absorption factor 0.3~0.6 of solar radiation;
zh-cn	1 场地中不少于50%的硬质地面有遮荫或铺设太阳辐射吸收率为0.3～0.6的浅色材料；

en-us	1 Not only the product conformity certificate and delivery testing report shall be inspected but also the main performance of the main materials shall be reinspected. The construction shall be carried out in accordance with the design requirements strictly;
zh-cn	1 保温系统所用的各种材料进场后，除应检验产品合格证和出厂检测报告外，尚应对主要材料的主要性能进行复检，并应严格按设计要求施工；

en-us	1 Notes 1 and 2 in the Table 5.4.1-1 are also applicable to this table.
zh-cn	1 表5.4.1-1中的注1和注2也适用本表；

en-us	1 Number of special class and Class A venue bases arranged shall not be less than 2% number of the parking vehicle, and not less than 2 accessible vehicle parking lots shall be arranged; Classes B and C venue bases shall be arranged with not less than 2 accessible vehicle parking lots;
zh-cn	1 特级、甲级场馆基地内应设置不少于停车数量的2%，且不少于2个无障碍机动车停车位，乙级、丙级场馆基地内应设置不少于2个无障碍机动车停车位；

en-us	1 Number of stairs of escalator bearing load can be obtained by travel height divided by max. visible stair riser height; at test, it is allowable to distribute total braking load over 2/3 of obtained stairs;
zh-cn	1 自动扶梯受载的梯级数量由提升高度除以最大可见梯级踢板高度求得，在试验时允许将总制动载荷分布在所求的2/3的梯级上；

en-us	1 Obvious serviceability problems have been occur but has not reached the limit of serviceability limit states of the structure or member;
zh-cn	1 已出现明显的适用性问题，但结构或构件尚未达到正常使用极限状态的限值；

en-us	1 On the relatively uniform ground, when the rigidity of superstructures is fairly good with distributed-evenly loads and the height of the strip foundation beam is not less than 1/6 of the column spacing, the ground reaction may be considered as linearly distributed and the internal forces of the strip foundation beam may be calculated in accordance with continuous beams, as well as, the mid-span bending moment at side span and the bending moment of the first internal support should time the coefficient of 1.2.
zh-cn	1 在比较均匀的地基上，上部结构刚度较好，荷载分布较均匀，且条形基础梁的高度不小于1/6柱距时，地基反力可按直线分布，条形基础梁的内力可按连续梁计算，此时边跨跨中弯矩及第一内支座的弯矩值宜乘以1.2的系数。

en-us	1 On-line mode.
zh-cn	1 在线模式。

en-us	1 One-segment variable section for frame beam (Figure A. 0.3-1):
zh-cn	1 刚架梁为一段变截面(图A.0.3-1)：

en-us	1 Operable sash shall be arranged on the external window (including transparent curtain wall) of Category A public buildings, and its effective ventilation and air change area is not suggested to be less than 10% of the external wall area of the room; ventilation and air change equipment shall be arranged if it is impossible to arrange operable sash due to restrictions of conditions for transparent curtain wall.
zh-cn	1 甲类公共建筑外窗（包括透光幕墙）应设可开启窗扇，其有效通风换气面积不宜小于所在房间外墙面积的10%；当透光幕墙受条件限制无法设置可开启窗扇时，应设置通风换气装置。

en-us	1 Optical crosstalk shall not appear among the lamp rooms.
zh-cn	1 各灯室之间不得串光。

en-us	1 Ordinary Portland cement or Portland cement should be adopted;
zh-cn	1 宜采用普通硅酸盐水泥或硅酸盐水泥；

en-us	1 Ordinary bolt shall meet the requirements of the current national standards GB/T 5780 Hexagon Head Bolts-Product Grade C and GB/T 5782 Hexagon Head Bolts, its mechanical property and dimensional specification shall meet the requirements of the current national standard GB/T 3098.1 Mechanical Properties of Fasteners-Bolts, Screws and Studs;
zh-cn	1 普通螺栓应符合现行国家标准《六角头螺栓 C级》GB/T 5780和《六角头螺栓》GB/T 5782的规定，其机械性能与尺寸规格应符合现行国家标准《紧固件机械性能 螺栓、螺钉和螺柱》GB/T 3098.1的规定；

en-us	1 Orientation of concavo-convex facade shall be calculated according to the orientation of the facade it is located;
zh-cn	1 凸凹立面朝向应按其所在立面的朝向计算；

en-us	1 Original underground water form around the site shall be protected and groundwater pumping shall be minimized.
zh-cn	1 应保护场地四周原有地下水形态，减少抽取地下水。

en-us	1 Outdoor footpath shall meet the requirements of Section 3.5 of this code;
zh-cn	1 室外通行的步行道应满足本规范第3.5节有关规定的要求；

en-us	1 Outdoor operation shall be shut down in the case of heavy rain and the constructed masonry shall be covered timely; where continuing construction after the rain, the verticality and elevation of completed masonry shall be inspected.
zh-cn	1 露天作业遇大雨时应停工，对已砌筑砌体应及时进行覆盖；雨后继续施工时，应检查已完工砌体的垂直度和标高；

en-us	1 Overall design and special design of supporting facilities such as road. electric power, water supply and drainage, communication, etc;
zh-cn	1 总体设计以及道路、电力、给水、排水、通信等配套设施专项设计；

en-us	1 Packing list;
zh-cn	1 装箱单；

en-us	1 Parameters such as real-time image quality, stored playback image quality, system time delay, time delay jitter, package loss rate of the video surveillance & control system shall be inspected and shall meet the requirements of Article 14.3.8 in the current professional standard JGJ 16-2008 Code for Electrical Design of Civil Buildings or the requirements of design document;
zh-cn	1 应检测视频安防监控系统实时图像质量、存储回放图像质量和系统时延、时延抖动、丢包率等参数，并应符合现行行业标准《民用建筑电气设计规范》JGJ 16-2008第14.3.8条的规定或者设计文件要求；

en-us	1 Partial coefficient γG for permanent load should take 1.2, when load combination is controlled by the variable load effect, otherewise, 1.35 when combination is controlled by the permanent load, and 1.0 to be taken whenever if load combination will be favorable to the resistance of the structure.
zh-cn	1 永久荷载的分项系数γG：当其效应对结构承载力不利时，对由可变荷载效应控制的组合应取1.2，对由永久荷载效应控制的组合应取1.35；当其效应对结构承载力有利时，应取1.0；

en-us	1 Partial safety factor for permanent load:
zh-cn	1 永久荷载的分项系数应符合下列规定：

en-us	1 Patch programs of the latest version shall be installed for the operating system, database and antivirus software;
zh-cn	1 应为操作系统、数据库、防病毒软件安装最新版本的补丁程序；

en-us	1 Pavement thickness: allowed to be with positive deviation of 5mm, but no negative deviation;
zh-cn	1 面层厚度：仅允许有5mm正偏差，无负偏差；

en-us	1 Peel off exterior sleeve and skeleton of optical fiber without any hurt to optical fiber;
zh-cn	1 剥离光纤的外层套管、骨架时不得损伤光纤；

en-us	1 Perfect acceptance standards, installation technologies and construction operation procedures shall be provided.
zh-cn	1 具有完善的验收标准、安装工艺及施工操作规程。

en-us	1 Performance parameters of air filter shall meet the requirements of the current national standard of GB/T 14295 Air Filter;
zh-cn	1 空气过滤器的性能参数应符合现行国家标准《空气过滤器》GB/T 14295的有关规定；

en-us	1 Permanent combination
zh-cn	1 持久组合

en-us	1 Permanent combination: calculate respectively for the design high/low water level and a certain unfavorable water level, and in combination with the underground water level;
zh-cn	1 持久组合：对设计高水位、设计低水位及与地下水位相组合的某一不利水位分别进行计算；

en-us	1 Permanent combination: calculate respectively for the design high/low water level, extreme high/low water level, and a certain unfavorable water level between the design high water level, and in combination with the underground water level;
zh-cn	1 持久组合：对设计高水位、设计低水位、极端高水位和极端低水位以及设计高水位与设计低水位之间的某一不利水位，及与地下水位相结合分别进行计算；

en-us	1 Permanent loads, such as self-weight of structure, earth pressure and prestressing force, etc.
zh-cn	1 永久荷载，包括结构自重、土压力、预应力等。

en-us	1 Persistent design situation is applied to a normal condition of structure;
zh-cn	1 持久设计状况，适用于结构使用时的正常情况；

en-us	1 Persons involved in installation construction and quality acceptance shall be correspondingly qualified.
zh-cn	1 参加安装工程施工和质量验收人员应具备相应的资格。

en-us	1 Physical inspections on raw materials, members and accessories and equipment, etc. shall be executed according to mobilization-to-site lots and the sampling inspection scheme of products.
zh-cn	1 对原材料、构配件和设备等的实物检验，应按进场的批次和产品的抽样检验方案执行。

en-us	1 Placement area and sequence of each concrete pump should be determined according to structure shape and size, concrete supply, concrete placing instrument and conditions inside and outside site and so on;
zh-cn	1 宜根据结构形状及尺寸、混凝土供应、混凝土浇筑设备、场地内外条件等划分每台输送泵的浇筑区域及浇筑顺序；

en-us	1 Placing equipment shall be matched with concrete pumps; the inner diameter of concrete conveying pipe of placing equipment should be same to that of concrete pump pipe;
zh-cn	1 布料设备的选择应与输送泵相匹配；布料设备的混凝土输送管内径宜与混凝土输送泵管内径相同；

en-us	1 Plain washers shall be set on sides of the bolt head and nut. The washers set on the side of the bolt head shall be no more than 2 while that set on the side of the nut shall be no more than 1;
zh-cn	1 螺栓头和螺母侧应分别放置平垫圈，螺栓头侧放置的垫圈不应多于2个，螺母侧放置的垫圈不应多于1个；

en-us	1 Planning of retaining structure system with technical and economical comparison;
zh-cn	1 支护结构体系的方案和技术经济比较；

en-us	1 Plastering layers on surface of parts needing replacement and their peripheral masonry are eliminated, and then replaced masonry is chiseled off along the motor joint.
zh-cn	1 把需要置换部分及周边砌体表面抹灰层剔除，然后沿着灰缝将被置换砌体凿掉。

en-us	1 Plate vibrators shall cover all edges and corners of compacting area;
zh-cn	1 平板振动器振捣应覆盖振捣平面边角；

en-us	1 Portland cement, ordinary portland cement or slag portland cement shall be adopted to prepare cement mortar;
zh-cn	1 配制水泥砂浆应采用硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥或矿渣硅酸盐水泥；

en-us	1 Position and dimension deviation of precast members;
zh-cn	1 预制构件的位置及尺寸偏差；

en-us	1 Position is correct; parts are complete; the box opening shall be adaptive to the conduit diameter and shall be one-pipe one-hole; the hole shall not be cut by electric or gas welding; concealed distribution box cover shall be clung to the wall surface and the box (panel) coat shall be integrate;
zh-cn	1 位置正确，部件齐全；箱体开孔与导管管径适配，应一管一孔，不得用电、气焊割孔；暗装配电箱箱盖应紧贴墙面，箱（板）涂层应完整；

en-us	1 Pour clear water into the mold or container and freeze it in low temperature into ice billet which is hollow inside. The forms of portrayal, carving, inlaid landscapes, fish boats, flowers, trees, old-fashioned lamps, historic buildings and characters, etc. can be adopted to reveal the theme of the icescape by drawing or sculpting inside or outside the ice blocks;
zh-cn	1 将清水注入模具或容器内，在低温下冻结成内空的冰坯，在冰体内、外采用描绘、雕刻、镶嵌等方式，将设计的山水、渔舟、花卉、树木、古灯、古建筑、人物等写意形式置于冰体上，形成的浮雕冰景；

en-us	1 Powder materials like bulk cement and mineral admixtures shall be stored in bulking tanks respectively; bagged cement, mineral admixtures and admixtures shall be stacked by type and batch respectively, applied with rain-proof and damp-proof measures. Sun-screen measures shall also be taken in high temperature seasons.
zh-cn	1 散装水泥、矿物掺合料等粉体材料，应采用散装罐分开储存；袋装水泥、矿物掺合料、外加剂等，应按品种、批次分开码垛堆放，并应采取防雨、防潮措施，高温季节应有防晒措施。

en-us	1 Power supplies of corresponding equipment shall be switched on according to different functions of conference system and the equipment shall be confirmed of normal working;
zh-cn	1 应按照会议系统不同功能开启相应设备电源，确认设备工作正常；

en-us	1 Power supply is sufficient and electricity utilization is encouraged by the management at the electricity demand side;
zh-cn	1 电力供应充足，且电力需求侧管理鼓励用电时；

en-us	1 Power up the equipment grade by grade. After the equipment is powered on, inspect all racks and the output voltage supplying power for the equipment shall meet the design requirements;
zh-cn	1 逐级对设备进行加电，设备通电后，检查所有机架为设备供电的输出电压应符合设计要求；

en-us	1 Power-supply lines arranged under antistatic floor shall be protected with trays.
zh-cn	1 电源线在防静电地板下布设时，应采用线槽防护。

en-us	1 Precast members shall be loaded by stages.
zh-cn	1 预制构件应分级加载。

en-us	1 Prestressing tendon or duct-forming pipes shall be smooth and shall be bound firmly with the spacer bars. Diameter of spacer bars should not be less than 10mm and spacing of spacer bars should not be greater than 1.2m.
zh-cn	1 预应力筋或成孔管道应平顺，并与定位钢筋绑扎牢固。

en-us	1 Prior to cable laying, the integral path inspection shall be conducted;
zh-cn	1 电缆敷设前应作整体通路检测；

en-us	1 Prior to construction, the deepening design shall be carried out and the plotting work of construction drawing shall be finished;
zh-cn	1 施工前，应进行深化设计，并完成施工图绘制工作；

en-us	1 Prior to electrifying, the switches and knobs of every equipment shall be set to the required positions; the software installation and the parameter setting and adjustment shall be completed according to the equipment requirements;
zh-cn	1 通电前应将各设备开关、旋钮置于规定位置；应按设备要求完成软件的安装、参数设置及其调整；

en-us	1 Prior to system debugging, the debugging plan and test plan shall be formulated and be approved in the joint hearing;
zh-cn	1 系统调试前，应制定调试方案、测试计划，并应经会审批准；

en-us	1 Process inspection shall be carried out before welding and mechanical splice of steel reinforcements. Effective reports for splice types shall be checked for mechanical splice.
zh-cn	1 钢筋焊接和机械连接施工前均应进行工艺检验。机械连接应检查有效的型式检验报告。

en-us	1 Process quality acceptance shall be carried out on the basis of the qualification of the construction unit;
zh-cn	1 工程质量验收均应在施工单位自检合格的基础上进行;

en-us	1 Production control: routine inspection shall be made for material properties and member performance according to the relevant control standards, correct the deviations and keep the stability of quality of products in the producing process;
zh-cn	1 生产控制：在生产过程中，应根据规定的控制标准，对材料和构件的性能进行经常性检验，及时纠正偏差，保持生产过程中质量的稳定性。

en-us	1 Products out of date or with uncertain date of production;
zh-cn	1 过期或出厂日期不明；

en-us	1 Products shall meet the requirements of the current national or professional standards GB/T 778.1~3 Measurement of Water Flow in Fully Charged Closed Conduits-Meters for Cold Potable Water and Hot Water, CJ/T 133 Integrated Circuit Card Cold Water Meter, CJ/T 224 Electronic Remote-Reading Water Meter, JJG 162 Verification Regulation of Cold Water Meter and CJ 266 Safety Regulations for Cold Potable Water Meters;
zh-cn	1 产品应符合国家现行标准《封闭满管道中水流量的测量饮用冷水水表和热水水表》GB/T 778.1～3、《IC卡冷水水表》CJ/T 133、《电子远传水表》CJ/T 224、《冷水水表检定规程》JJG 162和《饮用水冷水水表安全规则》CJ 266的规定；

en-us	1 Project name, project site and client;
zh-cn	1 工程名称、工程地点、委托单位；

en-us	1 Protection grade for underground lamp shall meet the design requirements;
zh-cn	1 埋地灯防护等级应符合设计要求；

en-us	1 Providing water curing should be carried out after exposed surface of concrete is covered with sacks or straw mats. Water spraying and water ponding curing may also be adopted.
zh-cn	1 洒水养护宜在混凝土裸露表面覆盖麻袋或草帘后进行，也可采用直接洒水、蓄水等养护方式；

en-us	1 Public square;
zh-cn	1 公共活动广场；

en-us	1 Pump shall be interlocking controlled with valve etc. equipment;
zh-cn	1 应能进行水泵与阀门等设备连锁控制；

en-us	1 Punching shear from columns on the cap may be calculated according to the following formulae (Figure 8.5.19-1):
zh-cn	1 柱对承台的冲切，可按下列公式计算(图8.5.19-1)：

en-us	1 Q235 (No. 3 steel) or Q345 (16Mn steel) steel shall be adopted. For welded members of important structures, if Grade Q235 steel is adopted, Grade Q 235-B steel shall be selected.
zh-cn	1 应采用Q235（3号钢）或Q345（16Mn钢）钢材；对重要结构的焊接构件，若采用Q235级钢，应选用Q235-B级钢。

en-us	1 Quality acceptance of included item projects shall be qualified;
zh-cn	1 所含分项工程质量验收应合格；

en-us	1 Quality acceptance of item projects contained in a sub-division project shall be certified and complete acceptance record shall be kept.
zh-cn	1 子分部工程所含分项工程的质量均应验收合格且验收记录应完整。

en-us	1 Quality acceptance of the cast-in-situ structure shall be carried out after the formwork is removed and before the concrete surface is trimmed and decorated, besides, records shall be made;
zh-cn	1 现浇结构质量验收应在拆模后、混凝土表面未作修整和装饰前进行，并应作出记录；

en-us	1 Quality acceptance of the inspection lot shall be executed in accordance with the requirements in Appendix B of this Code.
zh-cn	1 检验批质量验收应按本规范附录B的规定执行。

en-us	1 Quality certificates of steel reinforcements shall be checked;
zh-cn	1 应检查钢筋的质量证明文件；

en-us	1 Quality control for reconnaissance and design;
zh-cn	1 勘察与设计的质量控制；

en-us	1 Quality of divisional works included in the unit (subunit) works shall be acceptable.
zh-cn	1 单位（子单位）工程所含分部工程的质量均应验收合格。

en-us	1 Quality of dominant items and general items shall be acceptable through sampling inspections.
zh-cn	1 主控项目和一般项目的质量应经抽样检验合格。

en-us	1 Quality of subdivisional works included in the divisional works shall be acceptable.
zh-cn	1 分部工程所含分项工程的质量均应验收合格。

en-us	1 Quantity of lifting equipment and dollies used, travel route and unloading spot of dollies shall be able to satisfy the concrete placement demand;
zh-cn	1 升降设备和小车的配备数量、小车行走路线及卸料点位置应能满足混凝土浇筑需要；

en-us	1 Radial direction of the fiber glass mesh shall be perpendicular to the joint direction of boards or the board and the major structure;
zh-cn	1 玻璃纤维网格布的径向应垂直于板与板、板与主体结构的接缝方向；

en-us	1 Rafter of solid-web frame may be designed as resisting compression and bending in plane, and must be designed as resisting compression and bending out-of-plane.
zh-cn	1 实腹式刚架斜梁在平面内可按压弯构件计算强度，在平面外应按压弯构件计算稳定。

en-us	1 Ramp entrance;
zh-cn	1 平坡出入口；

en-us	1 Ramp should be arranged at pedestrian overpass and underpass with wheelchair path demands; where it is difficult to arrange a ramp, wheelchair accessible elevator shall be arranged;
zh-cn	1 要求满足轮椅通行需求的人行天桥及地道处宜设置坡道，当设置坡道有困难时，应设置无障碍电梯；

en-us	1 Range of pressure gauge shall be greater than the readings of tensioning pressure; the accuracy class of pressure gauge shall not be less than Class 1.6;
zh-cn	1 压力表的量程应大于张拉工作压力读值，压力表的精确度等级不应低于1.6级；

en-us	1 Range of set value of indoor temperature shall be able to be limited;
zh-cn	1 应能对室内温度设定值范围进行限制；

en-us	1 Reasonable load distribution shall be carried out for the hoisting equipment. The member weight shall be less than or equal to 75% of total rated hoisting capacity of the two hoisting equipment and the load capacity of single hoisting equipment shall be less than or equal to 80% of the rated hoisting capacity.
zh-cn	1 起重设备应进行合理的负荷分配，构件重量不得超过两台起重设备额定起重量总和的75%，单台起重设备的负荷量不得超过额定起重量的80%；

en-us	1 Receiving, displaying, storing, counting, polling and printing the state information of the equipments for the fire monitoring and alarm system along the whole line, issuing fault alarming messages for equipment and establishing files and maintenance plans for the equipments of fire monitoring and alarm system.
zh-cn	1 接收、显示、储存、统计、查询、打印全线火灾监控报警系统设备的状态信息，发布设备故障报警信息，建立火灾监控报警系统设备维修计划及档案。

en-us	1 Receiving, storing, and printing the fire alarm information on the monitored zone and showing the specific location of the alarm; sending station fire alarm information to the automatic fire alarm system at the center level and receiving fire protection control command sent from the center-level system.
zh-cn	1 接收、存储、打印监控区火灾报警信息，显示具体报警部位；向中央级火灾自动报警系统发送车站级火灾报警信息，接收中央级火灾自动报警系统发布的消防控制指令。

en-us	1 Records of quality management inspection on construction site shall be in accordance with those specified in current national standard GB 50300 Unified Standard for Constructional Quality Acceptance of Building Engineering;
zh-cn	1 施工现场质量管理检查记录应按现行国家标准《建筑工程施工质量验收统一标准》GB 50300的有关规定执行；

en-us	1 Reduction coefficients for design of floor beams:
zh-cn	1 设计楼面梁时：

en-us	1 Release should be performed slowly and piece-by-piece or integrally;
zh-cn	1 宜采取缓慢放张工艺进行逐根或整体放张；

en-us	1 Removing the pipes, lines and other obstacles that influence the construction of the existing structures;
zh-cn	1 拆迁原结构上影响施工的管道和线路以及其他障碍；

en-us	1 Residential building with elevator shall be arranged with at least one accessible entrance and directly access to elevator lobby through accessible route. For low-rise and multi-rise residential buildings without elevator, accessible entrances shall be arranged where accessible housing and dormitory are arranged.
zh-cn	1 设置电梯的居住建筑应至少设置1处无障碍出入口，通过无障碍通道直达电梯厅；未设置电梯的低层和多层居住建筑，当设置无障碍住房及宿舍时，应设置无障碍出入口；

en-us	1 Residential buildings with seven storeys or more or the height from the floor of the inlet story of the householder to the design ground outside the room is over 16m;
zh-cn	1 七层及七层以上住宅或住户入口层楼面距室外设计地面的高度超过16m时；

en-us	1 Restricted manual mode.
zh-cn	1 限制人工模式。

en-us	1 Ridge teeth and combing plate of stairs, steps and rubber belt shall be complete and smooth;
zh-cn	1 梯级、踏板、胶带的楞齿及梳齿板应完整、光滑；

en-us	1 Road edge refers to the sideline of sidewalk if there is;
zh-cn	1 当道路设有人行便道时，其道路边缘指便道边线；

en-us	1 Roof purlin and frame rafter should be connected with ordinary bolts and each end of purlin shall be arranged with two bolts (Figure 9.1.10-1).
zh-cn	1 屋面檩条与刚架斜梁宜采用普通螺栓连接，檩条每端应设两个螺栓 （图9.1.10-1）。

en-us	1 Roofing and purlin shall be adopted according to the most unfavorable conditions of non-uniform snow distribution;
zh-cn	1 屋面板和檩条按积雪不均匀分布的最不利情况采用；

en-us	1 Roughening with hammer: A 1.5kg~2.5kg peen stone chipping hammer should be used to chip out pockmarks that are distributed uniformly in depth of about 3mm and the point quantity is 600 points/m2~800 points/m2 or also to chip out the pockmarks that are distributed in quincuncial shape, about 4mm~5mm deep and with interval of about 30mm.
zh-cn	1 花锤打毛：宜用1.5kg～2.5kg的尖头錾石花锤，在混凝土粘合面上錾出麻点，形成点深约3mm、点数为600点/m2～800点/m2的均匀分布；也可錾成点深4mm～5mm、间距约30mm的梅花形分布。

en-us	1 Route control.
zh-cn	1 进路控制。

en-us	1 Routine operation report.
zh-cn	1 日常运营报告。

en-us	1 Rubbishes and waste materials at the site shall be stacked at designated place, timely cleared or reclaimed, and shall not be thrown at will;
zh-cn	1 现场垃圾和废料应堆放在指定地点、及时清运或回收，不得随意抛撒；

en-us	1 Rubble center thickness should not be less than200mm;
zh-cn	1 毛石的中部厚度不宜小于200mm；

en-us	1 Safety clarification shall be carried out before and during construction;
zh-cn	1 施工前及施工期间应进行安全交底；

en-us	1 Safety production fatality liability accident.
zh-cn	1 发生安全生产死亡责任事故。

en-us	1 Sampling scheme of variables, attributes or variables-attributes;
zh-cn	1 计量、计数或计量-计数的抽样方案；

en-us	1 Sandy soil or gravelly soil with good gradation; when pebble, gravel, block stone or rock fragment is used as fill material, the maximum particle size being rammed in layers should not be greater than 200mm and the maximum particle size being compacted in layers should not be greater than 400mm;
zh-cn	1 级配良好的砂土或碎石土；以卵石、砾石、块石或岩石碎屑作填料时，分层压实时其最大粒径不宜大于200mm，分层夯实时其最大粒径不宜大于400mm；

en-us	1 Seat convenient for entering and using is arranged on one end of bathtub and the depth shall not be less than 400mm;
zh-cn	1 在浴盆一端设置方便进入和使用的坐台，其深度不应小于400mm；

en-us	1 Select a representative structure or structural member (or failure mode), one simple combination composed of one permanent action and one variable action (for example, permanent action+variable action on floor on building structure, or permanent action+wind action) and typical action effects ratio (ratio between the characteristic values of the variable action effect and the permanent action effect);
zh-cn	1 选定代表性的结构或结构构件（或破坏方式）、一个永久作用和一个可变作用组成的简单组合（如对建筑结构永久作用+楼面可变作用，永久作用+风作用）和常用的作用效应比（可变作用效应标准值与永久作用效应标准值的比值）；

en-us	1 Select appropriate materials;
zh-cn	1 采用适当的材料；

en-us	1 Select one span close to middle section in case of tightening section at 5 spans or below;
zh-cn	1 紧线段在5档及以下时靠近中间选择一档；

en-us	1 Self-compacting concrete placement should be adopted;
zh-cn	1 宜采用自密实混凝土浇筑；

en-us	1 Self-inspection, mutual inspection and handover inspection shall be carried out for each procedure according to process requirements;
zh-cn	1 各工序按工艺要求，应自检、互检和交接检；

en-us	1 Shall be able to control the switching of different kinds of image signals on various display equipment;
zh-cn	1 应能控制不同种类图像信号在各类显示设备上的切换；

en-us	1 Shall be able to display different kinds of image signals required by the design on various display equipment;
zh-cn	1 应能在各类显示设备上显示设计要求的不同种类的图像信号；

en-us	1 Shall be able to play multichannel audio signals;
zh-cn	1 应能播放多路音频信号；

en-us	1 Shall determine the quality objective;
zh-cn	1 应确定质量目标；

en-us	1 Shall establish safety management organization;
zh-cn	1 应建立安全管理机构；

en-us	1 Shall not influence the size and shape of underground structure and the normal construction;
zh-cn	1 不得影响地下结构尺寸、形状和正常施工；

en-us	1 Shall possess special hydro-geological survey data, survey report for surroundings and insite pumping test data;
zh-cn	1 应具备专门的水文地质勘察资料、基坑周边环境调查报告及现场抽水试验资料；

en-us	1 Shall reach the minimum concrete strength under the technical specification of matched anchoring products and shall not be less than 75% of the design concrete strength;
zh-cn	1 应达到配套锚固产品技术要求的混凝土最低强度且不应低于设计混凝土强度等级值的75%；

en-us	1 Shared supply standpipe should not join reduced-pressure zone for supplying water;
zh-cn	1 不宜采用共用供水立管串联减压分区供水；

en-us	1 Short cooling or heating time required all year round, or uneconomic to adopt central cooling or heating system;
zh-cn	1 全年所需供冷、供暖时间短或采用集中供冷、供暖系统不经济；

en-us	1 Short time work;
zh-cn	1 进行很短时间的作业；

en-us	1 Signal wiring types and specifications shall meet the design requirements and relevant technical requirements.
zh-cn	1 信号机配线型号及规格应符合设计和相关技术要求。

en-us	1 Simply supported members such as slab, beam and truss etc. shall adopt hinged support at one end and rolling support at the other end during the test.
zh-cn	1 对板、梁和桁架等简支构件，试验时应一端采用铰支承，另一端采用滚动支承。

en-us	1 Single-side fillet weld applies to the weld bearing shear only;
zh-cn	1 单面角焊缝适用于仅承受剪力的焊缝；

en-us	1 Site acceptance is carried out for the materials and finished products; re-inspection is carried out for the materials and semi-finished products related to the safety and function according to the relevant requirements; witness sampling and sample delivery are adopted;
zh-cn	1 原材料及成品进行进场验收；凡涉及安全、功能的原材料及半成品，按相关规定进行复验，见证取样、送样；

en-us	1 Site welds shall be operated by the welder with weld certificate, and those without certificate must not conduct welding;
zh-cn	1 现场焊接应由具有焊接合格证的焊工操作，严禁无合格证者施焊；

en-us	1 Slenderness ratio of the compressive member should not be greater than the limit specified in Table 3.4.2-1.
zh-cn	1 受压构件的长细比,不宜大于表3.4.2-1规定的限值。

en-us	1 Slotted hole should be adopted at the bolted connection of lapped purlin, where the roofing shall be allowed for expansion and contraction structurally or to be arranged with double columns;
zh-cn	1 在搭接檩条的螺栓连接处宜采用长圆孔，该处屋面板在构造上应允许胀缩或设置双柱；

en-us	1 Small-diameter, compact and high-strength wire rope shall be adopted for mesh fabrication and its diameter should be within the range of 2.5mm~4.5mm; where high-strength wire rope for aviation is adopted, high-strength wire rope with the specification of 2.4mm may also be used.
zh-cn	1 网片应采用小直径不松散的高强度钢丝绳制作；绳的直径宜在2.5mm～4.5mm范围内；当采用航空用高强度钢丝绳时，也可使用规格为2.4mm的高强度钢丝绳。

en-us	1 Smoothness of ducts, air exhaust and bleeding pipes and grout holes shall be confirmed; ducts preformed by embedded pipes may be cleaned with compressed air;
zh-cn	1 应确认孔道、排气兼泌水管及灌浆孔畅通；对预埋管成型孔道，可采用压缩空气清孔；

en-us	1 Software configuration of network security system shall be inspected and shall meet the design requirements;
zh-cn	1 应检查网络安全系统的软件配置，并应符合设计要求；

en-us	1 Soil layer shall be solid and leveled, and its bearing capacity or compactness shall comply with construction scheme;
zh-cn	1 土层应坚实、平整，其承载力或密实度应符合施工方案的要求；

en-us	1 South-north orientation of the building;
zh-cn	1 建筑南北朝向；

en-us	1 Special adhesive mortar shall be adopted for masonry mortar;
zh-cn	1 砌筑砂浆应采用专用粘结砂浆；

en-us	1 Special examination should include the structural safety state of ice and snow masonry and the safe operating state of power equipment;
zh-cn	1 专项检查内容应包括冰雪砌体结构安全状况和用电设备安全运行状态，用电检查及用电设备维修时，必须将上一级相应的电源隔离开关断电；

en-us	1 Special tooling shall be adopted for the hoisting and installation of the joint bearing nodes;
zh-cn	1 关节轴承节点应采用专门的工装进行吊装和安装；

en-us	1 Specific chapters concerning green construction organization and designs, green requirements for construction scheme, technical clarification and implementation records.
zh-cn	1 绿色施工组织设计专门章节，施工方案的绿色要求、技术交底及实施记录。

en-us	1 Specification, appearance, dimension of materials shall be inspected and corresponding certificates shall be checked;
zh-cn	1 应检查规格、外观、尺寸及其质量证明文件；

en-us	1 Specification, quantity, position, and securing condition of embedded hanger;
zh-cn	1 预埋吊件的规格、数量、位置及固定情况；

en-us	1 Specimens shall be marked timely and uniquely;
zh-cn	1 试件均应及时进行唯一性标识；

en-us	1 Stability of tapered beam stressed with linearly varied bending moment shall be calculated according to the following formulas:
zh-cn	1 承受线性变化弯矩的楔形变截面梁段的稳定性，应按下列公式计算：

en-us	1 Stacking place;
zh-cn	1 堆放场地；

en-us	1 Start curing work within 12h after casting of concrete; in case of hot, dry and windy weather, start curing work within 3h. Put shields on outside of foundation form, and watering times shall be enough to ensure constant moisture of concrete surface always.
zh-cn	1 浇筑后应在12h内开始浇水养护，当天气炎热、干燥有风时，应在3h内进行浇水养护，养护时应在基础模板外侧加遮盖物，浇水次数应能够保持混凝土表面始终湿润；

en-us	1 Station report through broadcast and emergency broadcasting service.
zh-cn	1 广播报站和应急广播服务。

en-us	1 Statistically analyzing energy consumption after the detection of environmental parameters.
zh-cn	1 通过对环境参数的检测，对能耗进行统计分析。

en-us	1 Steam thermal load must be adopted for kitchen, laundry, high-temperature sterilization and technological humidity control;
zh-cn	1 厨房、洗衣、高温消毒以及工艺性湿度控制等必须采用蒸汽的热负荷；

en-us	1 Steel rule, 1m ruler, 2m ruler, 3m ruler, 2m guiding rule, wedge gauge, slope diagram, vernier caliper and leveling instrument shall be adopted for inspecting the allowable deviation;
zh-cn	1 检查允许偏差应采用钢尺、1m直尺、2m直尺、3m直尺、2m靠尺、楔形塞尺、坡度尺、游标卡尺和水准仪；

en-us	1 Stevedoring of coil cable should be adopted when unloading. Coil cable cannot be kept flat or thrown directly off the vehicle;
zh-cn	1 成盘电缆运送时不得平放，卸车时应采用电缆盘吊卸，不得直接抛装；

en-us	1 Straight stairway should be adopted;
zh-cn	1 宜采用直线形楼梯；

en-us	1 Strength grade of bricks or masonry blocks shall be determined through on-site testing before strengthening;
zh-cn	1 加固前应通过现场检测，对砖或砌块的强度等级予以确认；

en-us	1 Strength grades of the common brick masonry mortar and autoclaved aerated concrete masonry mortar shall be greater than or equal to M5. 0 and Ma5.
zh-cn	1 普通砖砌体砌筑砂浆强度等级不应低于M5.0，蒸压加气混凝土砌体砌筑砂浆强度等级不应低于Ma5.0。

en-us	1 Strength of foundation concrete shall meet the design requirements:
zh-cn	1 基础混凝土强度应达到设计要求；

en-us	1 Strength, soundness and setting time of cement shall be inspected. For cement of same grade, type, batch number from the same manufacturer, continuously arriving at the site, bagged cements of not more than 200t shall be a lot and bulk cement of not more than 500t shall be a lot.
zh-cn	1 应对水泥的强度、安定性及凝结时间进行检验。同一生产厂家、同一等级、同一品种、同一批号且连续进场的水泥，袋装水泥不超过200t应为一批，散装水泥不超过500t应为一批。

en-us	1 Stress-relieved steel wires and steel strands:
zh-cn	1 消除应力钢丝、钢绞线：

en-us	1 Structural action shall be verified through investigation or inspection and the characteristic value or representative value shall be determined according to requirements of Appendix A in this Code.
zh-cn	1 结构上的作用，应经调查或检测核实，并应按本规范附录A的规定和要求确定其标准值或代表值。

en-us	1 Structural analysis and calculation of structure system composed by diaphragm wall or soldier piles, side wall of underground structure, internal bracing and floor system of underground structure;
zh-cn	1 基坑支护的地下连续墙或排桩与地下结构侧墙、内支撑、地下结构楼盖体系一体的结构分析计算；

en-us	1 Subplates with sufficient strength and load-carrying area shall be arranged;
zh-cn	1 应设置具有足够强度和支承面积的垫板；

en-us	1 Such parts as the locking frame, the switch rail connection iron, the lock hook and the locking rod shall be installed correctly and connected firmly.
zh-cn	1 锁闭框、尖轨连接铁、锁钩和锁闭杆等部件的安装应正确，并连接牢固。

en-us	1 Such power supply equipment as power supply panels, distribution cabinets (cases) and uninterruptible power supplies shall be installed correctly and stably.
zh-cn	1 电源屏、配电柜（箱）、不间断电源等电源设备应安装正确、稳固。

en-us	1 Such test items as the setting and cancellation of each train/shunting route, clearing and closing of each signal, and locking and releasing of each route listed in the route interlocking table shall be included. The correctness of interlocking relationships and their compliance with the design requirements shall be ensured.
zh-cn	1 进路联锁表所列的每条列车/调车进路的建立与取消、信号机开放与关闭、进路锁闭与解锁等项目的试验，应保证联锁关系正确并符合设计要求。

en-us	1 Sun shading and sun screening measures shall be taken for the hopper, water receiver, belt conveyor and mixing tower in the mixing plant.
zh-cn	1 应对搅拌站料斗、储水器、皮带运输机、搅拌楼采取遮阳防晒措施。

en-us	1 Sundries inside of hole shall be cleaned up and washed with water to moisten the hole wall;
zh-cn	1 应清除孔洞内的杂物，并应用水冲洗，湿润孔壁；

en-us	1 Supports erected with steel tubes and couplers should adopt central force transfer mode;
zh-cn	1 钢管和扣件搭设的支架宜采用中心传力方式；

en-us	1 Surface of curb ramp shall be smooth and non-slip;
zh-cn	1 缘石坡道的坡面应平整、防滑；

en-us	1 Surface of forms shall be smooth; cementing layer of plywood forms shall be free from degumming or warped corners; supporting members shall be straight and even, free from severe deformation and rusting; connectors shall be free from severe deformation and rusting, as well as cracks;
zh-cn	1 模板表面应平整；胶合板模板的胶合层不应脱胶翘角；支架杆件应平直，应无严重变形和锈蚀；连接件应无严重变形和锈蚀，并不应有裂纹；

en-us	1 Surface on which bonded prestressed tendons shall be free from crack, spinule, mechanical damage, iron scale and oil stain; once unfolded, such surface shall be smooth and free of fold;
zh-cn	1 有粘结预应力筋的表面不应有裂纹、小刺、机械损伤、氧化铁皮和油污等，展开后应平顺、不应有弯折；

en-us	1 Surface thickness: only 5mm positive error is allowed.
zh-cn	1 面层厚度：仅允许有5mm正偏差。

en-us	1 Surface treatment quality;
zh-cn	1 界面处理质量；

en-us	1 Swing door with large force shall not be adopted; swing door and glass door should not be adopted. Where glass door is adopted, striking information sign shall be provided with;
zh-cn	1 不应采用力度大的弹簧门并不宜采用弹簧门、玻璃门；当采用玻璃门时，应有醒目的提示标志；

en-us	1 System self-diagnosis.
zh-cn	1 系统自诊断。

en-us	1 Tactile ground surface indicator may be divided into directional indicator and warning indicator according to its use function;
zh-cn	1 盲道按其使用功能可分为行进盲道和提示盲道；

en-us	1 Tactile ground surface indicator shall be arranged for sidewalk in main urban business street and pedestrian street;
zh-cn	1 城市主要商业街、步行街的人行道应设置盲道；

en-us	1 Technical Data
zh-cn	1 技术资料

en-us	1 Technical documents shall be complete;
zh-cn	1 技术文件应齐全；

en-us	1 Televised events: Where the grid width for lighting calculation and measurement is less than 5m, uniformity gradient shall not be greater than 10%per 2m; Where the grid width for lighting calculation and measurement is not less than 5m, uniformity gradient shall not be greater than 20%per 4m.
zh-cn	1 有电视转播：当照度计算与测量网格小于5m时，每2m不应大于10%；当照度计算与测量网格不小于5m时，每4m不应大于20%；

en-us	1 Temperature at the construction site: for modified epoxy type and modified acrylate copolymer type polymer motor, the temperature shall not be higher than 35℃; for ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer type polymer motor, the temperature shall not be higher than 30℃ and insolation and rain shall be avoided;
zh-cn	1 施工现场的气温：对改性环氧类或改性丙烯酸酯共聚物类聚合物砂浆，不应高于35℃；对乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物类聚合物砂浆，不应高于30℃；而且均不得受日晒、雨淋；

en-us	1 Temperature of the test site shall be above 0℃;
zh-cn	1 试验场地的温度应在0℃以上；

en-us	1 Temporary construction facilities shall be equipped with natural lighting, ventilation and window shading devices in combination with the natural conditions like sunlight and wind direction.
zh-cn	1 施工临时设施应结合日照和风向等自然条件，合理采用自然采光、通风和外窗遮阳设施。

en-us	1 Terminal voltage of luminaires should not be less than 95% of its rated voltage in general workplace;
zh-cn	1 一般工作场所不宜低于其额定电压的95%；

en-us	1 Terminals in the terminal cable boxes shall be numbered consecutively and clockwise starting from the foundation.
zh-cn	1 终端电缆盒端子编号应从基础开始，并应顺时针方向依次编号。

en-us	1 Terminating of each equipment and device shall be standardized;
zh-cn	1 各设备、器件的端接应规范；

en-us	1 Test report shall include test background, test scheme, test record and inspection conclusion etc. and shall be free from any omitted item;
zh-cn	1 试验报告内容应包括试验背景、试验方案、试验记录、检验结论等，不得有漏项缺检；

en-us	1 The 1st day to 4th day: at least once for every 4h;
zh-cn	1 第一天至第四天，每4h不应少于一次；

en-us	1 The Internet address shall be allocated to such equipment as the server and workstation according to the network planning and allocation plan;
zh-cn	1 应依据网络规划和配置方案，配置服务器、工作站等设备的网络地址；

en-us	1 The TT, TN-C-S or TN-S earthing method shall be adopted and the total equipotential bounding shall be carried out;
zh-cn	1 应采用TT、TN-C-S或TN-S接地方式，并应进行总等电位联结；

en-us	1 The absorption coefficient of demolding should take 1.5, which may be increased or decreased appropriately according to the conditions of member and mold surface; when for complicated conditions, the adsorption coefficient of demolding should be determined by test;
zh-cn	1 脱模吸附系数宜取1.5，也可根据构件和模具表面状况适当增减；复杂情况，脱模吸附系数宜根据试验确定；

en-us	1 The acceptance of inspection lot and subitem project shall be carried out by the construction organization's professional technical director and quality controller organized by the supervision engineer;
zh-cn	1 检验批和分项工程应由监理工程师组织施工单位专业技术负责人及专业质量负责人进行验收；

en-us	1 The acceptance shall be conducted by the construction unit in conjunction with the supervision, design, construction (including sub-units), complete sets of equipment manufacturers, etc., in the construction unit on the basis of self-inspection;
zh-cn	1 配电照明工程的验收应由建设单位会同监理、设计、施工（含分包单位）、成套设备供应厂家等，在施工单位自检的基础上进行；

en-us	1 The adhesive (motor)-casting pressure shall be controlled according to the manufacturer's instruction;
zh-cn	1 注胶(浆)压力应按产品使用说明书进行控制；

en-us	1 The adhesive-casting port (or motor-casting port) and its pedestal shall be set up along the direction of crack.
zh-cn	1 注胶嘴(或注浆嘴)及其基座应按裂缝走向设置。

en-us	1 The adopted compressed air shall be dry and clean;
zh-cn	1 采用的压缩空气应干燥、洁净；

en-us	1 The air quality sensor detecting light gas specific gravity shall be installed at the upper part of the room and the installation height should not be less than 1.8m;
zh-cn	1 探测气体比重轻的空气质量传感器应安装在房间的上部，安装高度不宜小于1.8m；

en-us	1 The air temperature of anchor installation site should be greater than or equal to-5℃.
zh-cn	1 锚栓安装现场的气温不宜低于-5℃。

en-us	1 The air-borne sound insulation rating quantity (Rw+C) of the partition wall and partition floorslab separating the bedroom and living room (hall) shall be greater than 45 dB;
zh-cn	1 分隔卧室、起居室（厅）的分户墙和分户楼板，空气声隔声评价量（RW+C）应大于45dB；

en-us	1 The alarm signal response time, detection system sampling speed and response time shall be recorded by such detection instruments as stopwatch and also shall meet the design requirements;
zh-cn	1 使用秒表等检测仪器记录报警信号反应时间、检测系统采样速度和响应时间，应满足设计要求；

en-us	1 The allowable measuring deviation of raw materiasl in-situ shall meet the requirements in allowable measuring deviation for each batch;
zh-cn	1 现场搅拌时原材料计量允许偏差应满足每盘计量允许偏差要求；

en-us	1 The allowable slope gradient shall be determined according to local experience and by reference to the steady slope gradient of the same soil type.
zh-cn	1 边坡的坡度允许值，应根据当地经验，参照同类土层的稳定坡度确定。

en-us	1 The alteration of software and system configuration shall be well done with records;
zh-cn	1 更改软件和系统的配置应做好记录；

en-us	1 The ambient temperature for operation shall be not lower than-10℃;
zh-cn	1 作业环境温度不应低于-10℃；

en-us	1 The amplifier should be installed in the equipment room or weak-current room (including vertical shaft) of the building;
zh-cn	1 放大器宜安装在建筑物设备间或弱电室（含竖井）内；

en-us	1 The anchorage length ( l a) of longitudinal load-carrying rebars of reinforced concrete columns and shear walls within the foundation shall be determined according to the relevant requirements of the current national standard GB 50010 Code for Design of Concrete Structures;
zh-cn	1 钢筋混凝土柱和剪力墙纵向受力钢筋在基础内的锚固长度(la)应根据现行国家标准《混凝土结构设计规范》GB 50010有关规定确定；

en-us	1 The angular iron pedestals to fix long-foundation angle steel shall be in proper closure with the rails (except the rail webs).
zh-cn	1 固定长基础角钢的角形座铁应与钢轨密贴（轨腰除外）。

en-us	1 The annual water consumption of domestic water saving in residential building shall be calculated according to the following formula:
zh-cn	1 住宅的生活用水年节水用水量应按下式计算：

en-us	1 The anti-slide stability shall be checked according to the following formula (Figure 6.7.5-1):
zh-cn	1 抗滑移稳定性应按下列公式进行验算(图6.7.5-1)：

en-us	1 The aperture area of direct natural ventilation shall not be less than 1/20 of the ground area in the room for the bedroom, living room (hall) and bright bathroom; where the room of natural ventilation is arranged with outdoor balcony, the aperture area of natural ventilation for the balcony shall not be less than 1/20 of the sum of the area of the ground in the room and the balcony.
zh-cn	1 卧室、起居室(厅)、明卫生间的直接自然通风开口面积不应小于该房间地板面积的1/20；当采用自然通风的房间外设置阳台时，阳台的自然通风开口面积不应小于采用自然通风的房间和阳台地板面积总和的1/20；

en-us	1 The appearance of welded joints shall be smooth and flush; the welding shall be firm; the welding positions shall be correct; the conductors shall be free from damage, missing welding and incomplete welding.
zh-cn	1 焊接接头外观应光滑饱满，焊接应牢固，焊位应正确，导线应无损伤，并应无漏焊、假焊。

en-us	1 The application license and application scope shall be checked;
zh-cn	1 应核查使用许可证及使用范围；

en-us	1 The area of the steel shim plate shall be determined through calculation according to the concrete compression strength, the bearing load of the column base plate and fastening tension of anchor bolts (anchors);
zh-cn	1 钢垫板面积应根据混凝土抗压强度、柱脚底板承受的荷载和地脚螺栓(锚栓)的紧固拉力计算确定；

en-us	1 The autoclaved common bricks include autoclaved lime-sand solid brick and autoclaved fly ash solid brick;
zh-cn	1 蒸压普通砖包括蒸压灰砂实心砖和蒸压粉煤灰实心砖；

en-us	1 The average value of appearing part may be adopted as the quasi-permanent value ψqQk for part of variable action that frequently appears on structure.
zh-cn	1 对在结构上经常出现的部分可变作用，可将其出现部分的均值作为准永久值ψqQk采用。

en-us	1 The azimuth and elevation angle of satellite receiving antenna shall be adjusted according to the received satellite parameters;
zh-cn	1 应根据所接收的卫星参数调整卫星接收天线的方位角和仰角；

en-us	1 The bearing capacity and pile shaft strength shall be calculated for all of the pile foundations. For the precast piles, strength and crack resistance checking shall be carried out in the processes of transport, hoisting and hammering.
zh-cn	1 所有桩基均应进行承载力和桩身强度计算。对预制桩，尚应进行运输、吊装和锤击等过程中的强度和抗裂验算。

en-us	1 The bearing capacity of structure elements of ice masonries shall be calculated based on the ice masonry strength value at-10℃ in the temperature grading;
zh-cn	1 雪体结构构件承载力应按温度分级取-10℃雪体强度设计值计算；

en-us	1 The bearing capacity of structure elements of ice masonries shall be calculated based on the ice masonry strength value at-5℃ in the temperature grading;
zh-cn	1 冰砌体结构构件承载力应按温度分级取-5℃冰砌体强度设计值计算；

en-us	1 The bearing capacity of the existing column shall be checked according to the bearing axial compression Nm and the relevant requirements of the current national standard GB 50003 Code for Design of Masonry Structures.
zh-cn	1 原柱的承载力，应根据其所承受的轴向压力值Nm，按现行国家标准《砌体结构设计规范》GB 50003的有关规定验算。

en-us	1 The bearing capacity of weak underlying layer shall be checked according to the following formula:
zh-cn	1 应按下式验算软弱下卧层的地基承载力：

en-us	1 The bending moment of any section per linear meter of width may be calculated according to the following formula.
zh-cn	1 任意截面每延米宽度的弯矩，可按下式进行计算。

en-us	1 The block carpet should be spelt to blocks before being laid according to the design requirements;
zh-cn	1 块材地毯宜先拼成整块，然后按设计要求铺设；

en-us	1 The bottom width of the adjacent joints of the precast reinforced concrete board shall not be less than 20mm.
zh-cn	1 预制钢筋混凝土板相邻缝底宽不应小于20mm。

en-us	1 The brackets shall be installed tidily, straight and evenly, beautifully and stably.
zh-cn	1 支架应安装整齐、平直、美观、稳固。

en-us	1 The breaking command shall be in priority to the hauling command.
zh-cn	1 制动指令应优先于牵引指令。

en-us	1 The bridge shall be taken with anticorrosive measures after being cut and drilled with holes, and the supports and hangers shall be carried out with anticorrosive treatment;
zh-cn	1 桥架切割和钻孔后，应采取防腐措施，支吊架应做防腐处理；

en-us	1 The bridges laid in vertical shaft or passing through different fire compartments as well as the holes of wire pipes shall be provided with blocked for fire protection;
zh-cn	1 敷设在竖井内和穿越不同防火分区的桥架及线管的孔洞，应有防火封堵；

en-us	1 The building area of the residential building shall be calculated according to the sum of the external surface area of each storey external wall of the whole building and the horizontal projected area of the column edge; it shall be calculated according to the external surface of the insulating storey if the external wall is equipped with external insulating storey;
zh-cn	1 应按全楼各层外墙结构外表面及柱外沿所围合的水平投影面积之和求出住宅楼建筑面积，当外墙设外保温层时，应按保温层外表面计算；

en-us	1 The building on intact, relatively intact or relatively broken rock mass may only be subjected to bearing capacity calculation.
zh-cn	1 置于完整、较完整、较破碎岩体上的建筑物可仅进行地基承载力计算。

en-us	1 The buildings with single building area more than 300 m2 or the building complex with single building area less than or equal to 300m2 but total building area more than 1, 000m2 shall be Category A public buildings;
zh-cn	1 单栋建筑面积大于300m2的建筑，或单栋建筑面积小于或等于300m2但总建筑面积大于1000m2的建筑群，应为甲类公共建筑；

en-us	1 The buried position of induction coil shall be centered and the center distance from card reader and gate machine should be 0.9~1.2m;
zh-cn	1 感应线圈埋设位置应居中，与读卡器、闸门机的中心间距宜为0.9m～1.2m；

en-us	1 The cabinet shall be installed on the cabinet underframe and should not be directly placed on anti-electric floor, and the underframe shall be firmly connected with the ground;
zh-cn	1 机柜应安装在机柜底架上，不宜直接放置在防电地板上，底架应与地面连接牢固；

en-us	1 The cabinets shall be installed upright and stably, and the enclosure of the cabinets shall be earthed reliably.
zh-cn	1 机柜应安装端正、稳固，机柜外壳应可靠接地。

en-us	1 The cable sleeves and lead-in holes shall be treated by sealing.
zh-cn	1 电缆外护套和引入孔应做密封处理。

en-us	1 The cables led in cases and boxes shall be connected with other cables or flexible cords of the equipment at the terminals; the residual length of each core shall be sufficient for making wire loops for 2 to 3 times; the length of spare cores shall be sufficient for wiring connected with the most remote terminals.
zh-cn	1 引入箱盒内的电缆应在端子上与其他电缆或设备软电线进行连接，每根芯线应留有能做2次～3次线环的余量；备用芯线的长度应保证与最远程端子进行配线连接。

en-us	1 The cables on the brackets shall be arranged tidily and slack naturally; the cables at the same layer shall be free from twisting and crossing.
zh-cn	1 支架上的线缆应排列整齐、自然松弛；同层架设应无扭绞、交叉现象。

en-us	1 The calculated section of multi-pile rectangular cap shall be taken at the column side and the cap thickness variation (at the outer side of cup or step edge, shown as Figure 8.5.18a):
zh-cn	1 多桩矩形承台计算截面取在柱边和承台高度变化处(杯口外侧或台阶边缘，图8.5.18a)：

en-us	1 The calculation of action effect comply with the specification in Article G. 2.6;
zh-cn	1 作用效应的计算，应符合第G.2.6条的规定；

en-us	1 The cases and boxes shall be free from damage, crack and corrosion, and shall be sealed in good condition.
zh-cn	1 箱盒应无损伤、裂纹、锈蚀现象，密封良好。

en-us	1 The category, model, position, quantity, function and the like of the detectors, modules and alarm buttons shall meet the design requirements;
zh-cn	1 探测器、模块、报警按钮等类别、型号、位置、数量、功能等应符合设计要求；

en-us	1 The cement content shall be controlled on the precondition of guaranteeing concrete strength and workability; cement with medium or low hydration heat should be used and fly ashes and slags should be added;
zh-cn	1 在保证混凝土强度及工作性要求的前提下，应控制水泥用量，宜选用中、低水化热水泥，并宜掺加粉煤灰、矿渣粉；

en-us	1 The cement grout should be mixed by high speed mixer and the mixing period shall not exceed 5min;
zh-cn	1 水泥浆宜采用高速搅拌机进行搅拌，搅拌时间不应超过5min；

en-us	1 The center line of the crane beam shall be measured by the parallel handrail method according to the plan control network of the building; the allowable error for the transfer of the crane beam center line is±3mm, and the allowable tolerance for the elevation of the base plate on the beam surface is±2mm;
zh-cn	1 应根据厂房平面控制网，用平行借线法测定吊车梁的中心线；吊车梁中心线投测允许误差为±3mm，梁面垫板标高允许偏差为±2mm；

en-us	1 The center-to-center distance of friction piles should not be less than 3 times the pile shaft diameter; the center-to-center distance of cast-in-situ pedestal piles should not be less than 1.5 times the pedestal diameter; when the pedestal diameter is greater than 2m, the clear distance of the pile tip should not be less than 1m. The influence of the pedestal compacting effect on the adjacent pile in construction process shall be considered for determining the pile spacings.
zh-cn	1 摩擦型桩的中心距不宜小于桩身直径的3倍；扩底灌注桩的中心距不宜小于扩底直径的1.5倍，当扩底直径大于2m时，桩端净距不宜小于1m。在确定桩距时尚应考虑施工工艺中挤土等效应对邻近桩的影响。

en-us	1 The central master clock, time server, supervisory computer and shunt output interface box shall be installed in cabinet of the machine room, and shall meet the following requirements:
zh-cn	1 中心母钟、时间服务器、监控计算机、分路输出接口箱应安装于机房的机柜内，并符合下列规定：

en-us	1 The characteristic value Pk (kN) caused by vehicles along with their moving direction may be calculated by the following expression:
zh-cn	1 顺行方向的汽车撞击力标准值Pk(kN)可按下式计算：

en-us	1 The characteristic value of the longitudinal horizontal crane load shall be adopted as 10% of the sum of the maximum wheel load of all braking wheels acted on the one side of rail; the acting point of the load is situated at the contact point of the braking wheel and acted along the direction of rail.
zh-cn	1 吊车纵向水平荷载标准值，应按作用在一边轨道上所有刹车轮的最大轮压之和的10%采用；该项荷载的作用点位于刹车轮与轨道的接触点，其方向与轨道方向一致。

en-us	1 The characteristic value of vertical bearing capacity of a single pile shall be determined through vertical static load test on a single pile. The number of testing piles under the same condition should not be less than 1% of the total piles and shall not be less than 3 pieces of piles.
zh-cn	1 单桩竖向承载力特征值应通过单桩竖向静载荷试验确定。在同一条件下的试桩数量，不宜少于总桩数的1%且不应少于3根。

en-us	1 The characteristic value of vertical equivalent static impact force Pk (kN) may be calculated by the expression as follows:
zh-cn	1 竖向等效静力撞击力标准值Pk(kN)可按下式计算：

en-us	1 The characteristic value shall be adopted as the representative value of permanent load;
zh-cn	1 对永久荷载应采用标准值作为代表值；

en-us	1 The circuit of the wired television system shall be pre-buried in the dwelling units.
zh-cn	1 有线电视系统的线路应预埋到住宅套内。

en-us	1 The circulating pipe of single building should adopt reversed return layout; the hot water return main pipe and stand pipe are connected through tee and the return stand pipe shall be set with flow-limit regulating valve and thermostatic valve to ensure good circulation effect;
zh-cn	1 单体建筑的循环管道宜采用同程布置，热水回水干、立管采用导流三通连接和在回水立管上设限流调节阀、温控阀等保证循环效果的措施；

en-us	1 The classification of residential building dwelling unit, the minimum utilization area of each room, the calculation of technical and economic indicators, the setup of storied buildings, elevators and post box were revised;
zh-cn	1.修订了住宅套型分类及各房间最小使用面积，技术经济指标计算，楼、电梯及信报箱的设置等；

en-us	1 The clear width of retained temporary construction opening in the wall shall not be greater than 1m, and the distance between its side edge and the wall surface at the junction shall not be less than 500mm;
zh-cn	1 墙上留置临时施工洞口净宽度不应大于1m，其侧边距交接处墙面不应小于500mm；

en-us	1 The clearance between pretensioning tendons should not be less than 2.5 times of the nominal diameter or equivalent diameter of prestressing tendons or 1.25 times of the maximum particle size of coarse aggregate in concrete, which shall also not be less than 15mm, 20mm and 25mm respectively for prestressing wire, 3-wire steel strands and 7-wire steel strands. When there is reliable guaranty for concrete compatibility under vibrating, the clearance may be broadened to 1.0 times of the maximum particle size of coarse aggregate;
zh-cn	1 先张法预应力筋之间的净间距，不宜小于预应力筋公称直径或等效直径的2.5倍和混凝土粗骨料最大粒径的1.25倍，且对预应力钢丝、三股钢绞线和七股钢绞线分别不应小于15mm、20mm和25mm。当混凝土振捣密实性有可靠保证时，净间距可放宽至粗骨料最大粒径的1.0倍；

en-us	1 The coating layer is poorly dried and cured without firm adhesion or present with pulverization and shedding;
zh-cn	1 涂层干燥固化不良，粘结不牢或粉化、脱落；

en-us	1 The cold/heat source system shall be able to realize load regulation, preset time schedule based automatic start/stop and optimized control of energy conservation;
zh-cn	1 冷热源系统应能实现负荷调节、预定时间表自动启停和节能优化控制；

en-us	1 The color temperature of the illuminating light source for ice and snow landscapes shall follow the provisions in Table 4.6.3-1.
zh-cn	1 冰雪景观建筑照明光源的色温应符合表4.6.3-1 的规定。

en-us	1 The color temperature should not be higher than 4000K for long working or staying rooms or places, and the special color index R9 shall be greater than zero.
zh-cn	1 长期工作或停留的房间或场所，色温不宜高于4000K，特殊显色指数R9应大于零；

en-us	1 The command to open or close the platform screen doors shall be sent only if the ATP opens or closes the train doors after the train has come to a full stop at the specified stop position.
zh-cn	1 列车在规定的停站位置停稳后，当ATP开启或关闭列车车门时，能给出开启或关闭屏蔽门的命令。

en-us	1 The common functional pipeline include the main riser for water supply, stand pipe for fire control, stand pipe for rainwater, the return main riser for heating (air conditioning) supply, power distribution, the main line (tube) for light current etc., except the stand pipe for rainwater arranged in the open-type balcony;
zh-cn	1 公共功能的管道，包括给水总立管、消防立管、雨水立管、采暖（空调）供回水总立管和配电和弱电干线（管）等，设置在开敞式阳台的雨水立管除外；

en-us	1 The communication interface of integrated subsystem shall be completed installation;
zh-cn	1 集成子系统通信接口应安装完成；

en-us	1 The communication system, signal system, automatic fire alarm system and emergency lightings of the underground station and interval tunnel shall be equipped with emergency powers.
zh-cn	1 通信、信号、火灾自动报警系统及地下车站和区间隧道的应急照明应具备应急电源。

en-us	1 The compaction coefficient (λc) is the ratio of the actual dry density (ρd) and the maximum dry density (ρdmax) of fill; wop denotes the optimum water content;
zh-cn	1 压实系数（λc）为填土的实际干密度（ρd）与最大干密度（ρdmax）之比；wop为最优含水量；

en-us	1 The comparatively percentage of moisture of fired brick should be 60%~70%;
zh-cn	1 烧结类砖的相对含水率宜为60%～70%；

en-us	1 The comparatively percentage of moisture of fired hollow brick should be 60% ~70%;
zh-cn	1 烧结空心砖的相对含水率宜为60%～70%；

en-us	1 The completion drawing and relevant design documents of steel structure engineering;
zh-cn	1 钢结构工程竣工图纸及相关设计文件；

en-us	1 The components and parts in unit boxes shall be installed firmly without damage.
zh-cn	1 单元盒内部元器件应安装牢固，并无损伤。

en-us	1 The computation model in the current standards for structural design may be used in the assessment, but the parameters of the model shall be calibrated based on investigation in site;
zh-cn	1 评定时可采用现行结构设计标准提供的计算模型，但模型中的指标和参数应进行符合结构实际情况的调整；

en-us	1 The conceal acceptance on reserved and embedded work related to electrical lighting installations shall be qualified;
zh-cn	1 与电气照明装置相关的预留预埋工作应隐蔽验收合格；

en-us	1 The concrete shall not be watered if the daily average atmospheric temperature is less than 5℃;
zh-cn	1 当日平均气温低于5℃时，不得浇水；

en-us	1 The concrete strength grade of existing structure member shall be tested on site and inferred according to those specified in Appendix T of this code before strengthening;
zh-cn	1 加固前应按本规范附录T的规定，对原构件混凝土强度等级进行现场检测与推定；

en-us	1 The concrete strength shall reach the critical strength in frost resistance and the concrete surface temperature shall not be higher than 5℃;
zh-cn	1 混凝土强度应达到受冻临界强度，且混凝土表面温度不应高于5℃；

en-us	1 The concrete strength, appearance quality and dimension deviation of the completed structure;
zh-cn	1 已施工完成结构的混凝土强度、外观质量和尺寸偏差；

en-us	1 The concrete strength, appearance quality and dimension deviation of the completed structures shall be checked for the compliance with the design requirements and the relevant requirements of this code;
zh-cn	1 应核对已施工完成结构的混凝土强度、外观质量、尺寸偏差等符合设计要求和本规范的有关规定；

en-us	1 The concrete structure member shall be fully roughened by manpower, grinder or high pressure water jet.
zh-cn	1 对混凝土构件，应采用人工、砂轮机或高压水射流充分打毛。

en-us	1 The conditions of building (structure) and facilities shall be surveyed within the range of two times the excavation depth around the foundation pit, the survey scope shall be enlarged when important building (structure) and facilities like rail traffic facilities, tunnel and flood wall are nearby or the dewatering depth is significantly large.
zh-cn	1 应调查基坑周边2倍开挖深度范围内建(构)筑物及设施的状况，当附近有轨道交通设施、隧道、防汛墙等重要建(构)筑物及设施时，或降水深度较大时应扩大调查范围。

en-us	1 The conference system shall be set with dedicated shunt switchboard, the capacity of each line shall be determined in accordance with the actual conditions and a certain surplus capacity shall be reserved;
zh-cn	1 会议系统应设置专用分路配电盘，每路容量应根据实际情况确定，并应预留一定余量；

en-us	1 The connection between luminaire and trunking or sealed plug-in lighting busbar shall adopt special fixtures, and the luminaire shall be fixed reliably;
zh-cn	1 灯具与线槽或封闭插接式照明母线连接应采用专用固定件，固定应可靠；

en-us	1 The connection between the air valve actuator and the air valve axis shall be fixed firmly;
zh-cn	1 风阀执行器与风阀轴的连接应固定牢固；

en-us	1 The connection friction surface shall be dry and clean, free from flash, burr, welding spatter, crater, iron scale and dirt etc.;
zh-cn	1 连接摩擦面应保持干燥、清洁，不应有飞边、毛刺、焊接飞溅物、焊疤、氧化铁皮、污垢等；

en-us	1 The connection positions between the metal bridge and grounding trunk line shall not be less than 2 positions;
zh-cn	1 金属桥架与接地干线连接应不少于2处；

en-us	1 The connector boxes shall be complete with no damage, and shall be placed straight with no glue or liquid leakage.
zh-cn	1 接头盒应完整无损，摆放应平整，并无漏胶、漏液现象。

en-us	1 The consistency of cement grout should be controlled within 12s~20s for basic grouting process and should be controlled within 18s~25s for vacuum grouting process;
zh-cn	1 采用普通灌浆工艺时，稠度宜控制在12s～20s，采用真空灌浆工艺时，稠度宜控制在18s～25s；

en-us	1 The construction environment temperature shall meet those specified in the manufacturer's instruction of structural adhesive.
zh-cn	1 施工环境温度应符合结构胶粘剂产品使用说明书的规定。

en-us	1 The construction factors and the continuity of weathering after the building in service are not considered in the above-mentioned reduction coefficient value;
zh-cn	1 上述折减系数值未考虑施工因素及建筑物使用后风化作用的继续；

en-us	1 The construction layout shall be compact to minimize land occupancy.
zh-cn	1 施工总平面布置应紧凑，并应尽量减少占地。

en-us	1 The construction of unmanned system shall coordinate with the configuration of route and station yard and the operation and management mode.
zh-cn	1 无人驾驶系统的建设应与线路、站场配置及运行管理模式相互协调。

en-us	1 The construction quality of strengthening engineering shall meet the requirements of this code and the relevant professional acceptance standards as well as the requirements of strengthening design document;
zh-cn	1 加固工程施工质量应符合本规范和相关专业验收标准的规定，以及加固设计文件的要求；

en-us	1 The contact system shall be able to feed the train reliably and meet the requirements for the highest running speed of train.
zh-cn	1 接触网应能可靠地向列车馈电，并应满足列车的最高行驶速度要求。

en-us	1 The control value for the crush index of coarse aggregate shall be determined by test;
zh-cn	1 粗骨料压碎指标的控制值应经试验确定；

en-us	1 The coordination, control and functional devices of camera and lens shall be inspected, which shall work normally and be free from obvious backlight phenomenon;
zh-cn	1 检查摄像机与镜头的配合、控制和功能部件，应保证工作正常，且不应有明显逆光现象；

en-us	1 The correlated color temperature of class Ⅴ shall not be less than 5500K;
zh-cn	1 Ⅴ级的相关色温不应低于5500K；

en-us	1 The crack width suitable for grouting refers to the conditions with requirement on storing the sectional integrity; if the cracks are only required to be sealed and filled, the w value given in the manufacturer's instruction may be used to determine the width by trial grouting.
zh-cn	1 适合注浆的裂缝宽度系指有恢复截面整体性要求的情况而言；若仅要求封闭、填充裂缝，可按产品使用说明书给出的w值，通过试灌注确定。

en-us	1 The cross brace should be combined for hoisting from bottom to top;
zh-cn	1 交叉支撑宜按从下到上的顺序组合吊装；

en-us	1 The daily mean temperature during curing period shall be greater than or equal to 5℃; if lower than 5℃, measures shall be taken to keep warm and raise temperature in accordance with the requirements of winter construction; in any case, curing method at subzero temperature shall not be adopted so as to ensure the curing quality of grouts.
zh-cn	1 养护期间日平均温度不应低于5℃；若低于5℃，应按冬期施工要求，采取保暖升温措施；在任何情况下，均不得采用负温养护方法，以确保灌浆工程的养护质量。

en-us	1 The data read by the workstation and the data measured at the site shall be inspected; the graphic display function of parameters such as voltage, current, active (reactive) power, power factor and quantity of electricity shall be verified;
zh-cn	1 检查工作站读取的数据和现场测量的数据，应对电压、电流、有功（无功）功率、功率因数、电量等各项参数的图形显示功能进行验证；

en-us	1 The debugging scope shall include optical workstation, active equipment at all levels (like amplifier) and the passive equipment from cable, branch, distributor till the user terminal; the whole debugging shall conduct positive debugging and reverse debugging;
zh-cn	1 调试范围应包括光工作站、各级放大器等有源设备和电缆、分支、分配器直至用户终端盒等无源器材；整个调试应进行正向调试和反向调试；

en-us	1 The design capacity of single set boiler shall be determined in the principle of ensuring its long-duration higher operating efficiency, the actual operating load rate is not suggested to be less than 50%;
zh-cn	1 单台锅炉的设计容量应以保证其具有长时间较高运行效率的原则确定，实际运行负荷率不宜低于50%；

en-us	1 The design documents, construction scheme, construction schedule and construction drawings of conference system shall be complete and pass the joint review;
zh-cn	1 会议系统设计文件、施工方案、施工进度计划和施工图纸应齐全，并应通过会审；

en-us	1 The design generated energy of solar photovoltaic system shall not be less than 2% of the total electrical load of building;
zh-cn	1 太阳能光伏系统设计发电量不小于建筑总用电负荷的2%；

en-us	1 The design maximum speed shall not be exceeded.
zh-cn	1 不应大于设计允许的最高速度。

en-us	1 The design of soil slope shall protect and administrate the environment of slope, the water system of slope shall be best used according to the circumstances, surface drainage system shall be provided and internal drainage system shall be installed during slope engineering.
zh-cn	1 边坡设计应保护和整治边坡环境，边坡水系应因势利导，设置地表排水系统，边坡工程应设内部排水系统。

en-us	1 The design shall guarantee the safety and functions of all structures;
zh-cn	1 应满足结构安全和功能的要求；

en-us	1 The design value Xd of the performance X may be expressed as follows if X follows normal distribution:
zh-cn	1 当性能X服从正态分布时，其设计值Xd可写成如下形式：

en-us	1 The design value for the bearing axial force of the existing column (Nm) and the design value for the bending moment (Mm) shall be calculated according to the following formulae:
zh-cn	1 原柱承受的轴向力设计值Nm和弯矩设计值Mm应按下列公式进行计算：

en-us	1 The design value of action effects of the fundamental combination may adopt simplification rule and calculated in accordance with the following formula:
zh-cn	1 基本组合的效应设计值可采用简化规则，应按下式进行计算：

en-us	1 The design value of an action, Fd, may be determined as follows:
zh-cn	1 作用的设计值Fd可按下式确定：

en-us	1 The design value of effect of a basic combination may be determined as follows:
zh-cn	1 基本组合的效应设计值可按下式确定：

en-us	1 The design value of effect of a combination of actions shall be the unfavorable value obtained from equation (8.2.4-1) and the following equation:
zh-cn	1 作用组合的效应设计值应按式（8.2.4-1）及下式中最不利值确定：

en-us	1 The design value of effect of a seismic combination should be determined according to the seismic action (basic intensity) with return period of 475 years, and it shall meet the following requirements:
zh-cn	1 地震组合的效应设计值，宜根据重现期为475年的地震作用（基本烈度）确定，其效应设计值应符合下列规定：

en-us	1 The design value of effect of an accidental combination may be determined as follows:
zh-cn	1 偶然组合的效应设计值可按下式确定：

en-us	1 The design value of effect of characteristic combination shall be determined as follows:
zh-cn	1 标准组合的效应设计值应按下式确定：

en-us	1 The design value of effect of the combination of actions may also be given respectively as required for the persistent design situation and transient design situation;
zh-cn	1 对持久设计状况和短暂设计状况，也可根据需要分别给出作用组合的效应设计值；

en-us	1 The design value of material property, model parameter or resistance may be derived by dividing the characteristic value, based on classical statistic method or "Bayesian method", with partial factor, and the influence of conversion coefficient may be considered if necessary;
zh-cn	1 可采用经典统计方法或“贝叶斯法”推断材料性能、模型参数或抗力的设计值：先确定标准值，然后除以一个分项系数，必要时要考虑换算系数的影响；

en-us	1 The design value of the performance X may be determined by the following equation if X follows the normal distribution:
zh-cn	1 当性能X服从正态分布时，其设计值可按下式确定：

en-us	1 The design values in the fundamental combination are applicable only when loads and load effects are in linear state.
zh-cn	1 基本组合中的效应设计值仅适用于荷载与荷载效应为线性的情况；

en-us	1 The design working life of other engineering structures shall be in accordance with the relevant regulations specified in the current national standards;
zh-cn	1 其他工程结构的设计使用年限应符合国家现行标准的有关规定；

en-us	1 The detector shall be installed firmly and no obstacle shall exist in the detection range;
zh-cn	1 探测器应安装牢固，探测范围内应无障碍物；

en-us	1 The detector, module and alarm button shall be installed firmly, well equipped and be free from damage and deformation;
zh-cn	1 探测器、模块、报警按钮等安装应牢固、配件齐全，不应有损伤变形和破损；

en-us	1 The determination of combination value factor of a variable action shall be based on the structure or structural member with safety class II. Select the representative structure or structural member (or failure mode), as well as the combination composed of one permanent action and two or more variable actions and the typical action effects ratio (the ratio of the leading characteristic values of variable action effect to permanent action effect, and the ratio of the accompanying characteristic values of variable action effect to the leading characteristic value of variable action effect);
zh-cn	1 以安全等级为二级的结构或结构构件为基础，选定代表性的结构或结构构件（或破坏方式）、由一个永久作用和两个或两个以上可变作用组成的组合和常用的作用效应比（主导可变作用效应标准值与永久作用效应标准值的比值，伴随可变作用效应标准值与主导可变作用效应标准值的比值）；

en-us	1 The diameter of anchor hole should take 3 times the diameter of anchor rebar, but shall not be less than the sum of the diameter of anchor rebar and 50mm.
zh-cn	锚杆基础应与基岩连成整体，并应符合下列要求：

en-us	1 The diameter of stirrup shall not be less than 25% of the relatively large diameter of the lapped bars;
zh-cn	1 箍筋直径不应小于搭接钢筋较大直径的25%；

en-us	1 The diameter of the vertical stressed reinforcement shall be greater than or equal to 10mm and the clear spacing shall be greater than or equal to 30mm. The reinforcement ratio on one side of the compression reinforcement shall be greater than or equal to 0.2% while that of the tension reinforcement shall be greater than or equal to 0.15%.
zh-cn	1 竖向受力钢筋直径不应小于10mm，其净间距不应小于30mm；受压钢筋一侧的配筋率不应小于0.2%；受拉钢筋的配筋率不应小于0.15%。

en-us	1 The direction of arrow on the valve body shall be consistent with the direction of water flow; the valve shall be installed vertically on the horizontal pipe;
zh-cn	1 阀体上箭头的指向应与水流方向一致，并应垂直安装于水平管道上；

en-us	1 The direction of rust removal with wire brush shall be perpendicular to the force direction;
zh-cn	1 钢丝刷除锈方向应与受力方向垂直；

en-us	1 The display accuracy and effectiveness of all menu items on the operation interface of the software of the local machine of the system shall be inspected one by one;
zh-cn	1 应对系统的本机软件的操作界面所有菜单项，显示准确性、显示有效性的功能进行逐项检验；

en-us	1 The distance between transverse frame column axes shall be taken as the span of the gabled frame.
zh-cn	1 门式刚架的跨度，应取横向刚架柱轴线间的距离。

en-us	1 The distance from the edge of column and wall to the edge of foundation beam shall not be less than 50mm (Figure 8.4.13);
zh-cn	1 柱、墙的边缘至基础梁边缘的距离不应小于50mm(图8.4.13)：

en-us	1 The distance from the installation position of the water flow sensor to the valve, pipeline necking and the bent pipe shall not be less than 10 times of the pipeline internal diameter;
zh-cn	1 水管流量传感器的安装位置距阀门、管道缩径、弯管距离不应小于10倍的管道内径；

en-us	1 The district hot water supply system shall adopt mechanical circulation to guarantee the hot water circulating in main pipe and stand pipe or main pipe, stand pipe and branch pipe;
zh-cn	1 集中热水供应系统，应采用机械循环，保证干管、立管或干管、立管和支管中的热水循环；

en-us	1 The domestic products shall be with the special test verification qualification certificate that is issued by independent inspection authority and meet those specified in Appendix F of the professional standard JG 160-2004 Expansion and Undercut Building Anchors for Use in Concrete;
zh-cn	1 对国内产品，应具有独立检验机构出具的符合行业标准《混凝土用膨胀型、扩孔型建筑锚栓》JG 160-2004附录F规定的专项试验验证合格的证书；

en-us	1 The drainage pumping station shall be arranged at the lowest point of the real gradient of the tunnel line of a section.
zh-cn	1 区间隧道线路实际坡度最低点应设排水泵站。

en-us	1 The driver's cabin shall be arranged with at least one fire extinguisher; and each compartment shall be arranged with at least two fire extinguishers.
zh-cn	1 司机室应至少设置1具灭火器；每个客室应至少设置2具灭火器。

en-us	1 The duct type air quality sensor shall be installed at the horizontal straight pipe section of the duct pipeline;
zh-cn	1 风管式空气质量传感器应安装在风管管道的水平直管段；

en-us	1 The ducts in upper layer should be grouted after ones in lower layer;
zh-cn	1 宜先灌注下层孔道，后灌注上层孔道；

en-us	1 The duration of concrete mixing refers to time quantum from all materials being fed into the mixing cylinder to starting discharging;
zh-cn	1 混凝土搅拌时间指从全部材料装入搅拌筒中起，到开始卸料时止的时间段；

en-us	1 The duration of trial operation without passengers shall not be less than three months.
zh-cn	1 不载客试运行的时间不少于3个月。

en-us	1 The dust, laitance, dirt, oil stain, existing paint, floated coat or other finishing coats on the surfaces of existing structure members shall be removed; as for the concrete members, the defects such as weathering, debonding, looseness, sand streak, honeycomb, pitted surface and corrosion shall also be eliminated till new aggregate surface is exposed; as for steel members and steel bars, their surfaces shall also be dedusted, degreased and polished till metallic luster appears; as for the masonry members, the motor for pointing and the masonry motor layers that have been loosened and atomized also shall be removed, and the damaged parts may be dismantled locally if necessary.
zh-cn	1 应清除原构件表面的尘土、浮浆、污垢、油渍、原有涂装、抹灰层或其他饰面层；对混凝土构件尚应剔除其风化、剥落、疏松、起砂、蜂窝、麻面、腐蚀等缺陷至露出骨料新面；对钢构件和钢筋，还应除锈、脱脂并打磨至露出金属光泽；对砌体构件，尚应剔除其勾缝砂浆及已松动、粉化的砌筑砂浆层，必要时，还应对残损部分进行局部拆砌。

en-us	1 The edge height of cone foundation should not be less than 200mm and the gradients at two directions should not be greater than 1: 3; the height of each step of the stepped foundation should be 300mm~500mm.
zh-cn	1 锥形基础的边缘高度不宜小于200mm，且两个方向的坡度不宜大于1∶3；阶梯形基础的每阶高度，宜为300mm～500mm。

en-us	1 The electric lifting device should be applied to maintain when the height of lighting pole is greater than 20m;
zh-cn	1 灯杆高度大于20m时，宜采用电动升降装置进行维修。

en-us	1 The electrical device shall be installed firmly in order; its marks shall be identifiable and both its inside and outside be clean;
zh-cn	1 电气装置应安装牢固、整齐、标识明确、内外清洁；

en-us	1 The electrical devices in the suspended ceiling shall be installed at the place convenient for maintenance;
zh-cn	1 吊顶内电气装置应安装在便于维修处；

en-us	1 The electricity consumption to transferred cooling (heating) quantity ratio of air conditioning chilled/hot water system shall be calculated according to the following formula:
zh-cn	1 空调冷（热）水系统耗电输冷（热）比应按下式计算：

en-us	1 The electrode model shall be corresponding to the strength welded steel.
zh-cn	1 焊条型号应与被焊接钢材的强度相适应。

en-us	1 The electronic case shall be well sealed and its waterproof joints at the bottom shall be installed firmly.
zh-cn	1 电子箱应密封良好，底部防水接头应安装牢固。

en-us	1 The elevations of indoor flooring and underground facility shall be raised according to the pre-estimated settlement. When each part of the building (or between equipments) has connections, the elevation of the part with larger settlement may be raised.
zh-cn	1 室内地坪和地下设施的标高，应根据预估沉降量予以提高。

en-us	1 The elevator shaft shall be set up independently and the gas ductwork mustn't be laid inside thereby. The cables and wires irrelevant to the elevator shall not be laid either.
zh-cn	1 电梯井应独立设置，井内严禁敷设燃气管道，并不应敷设与电梯无关的电缆、电线等。

en-us	1 The energy efficiency values of single-capped fluorescent lamps shall not be less than the evaluating values of energy conservation specified in the current national standard GB 19415 Limited Values of Energy Efficiency and Evaluating Values of Energy Conservation for Single-capped Fluorescent Lamps;
zh-cn	1 单端荧光灯的能效值不应低于现行国家标准《单端荧光灯能效限定值及节能评价值》GB 19415规定的节能评价值；

en-us	1 The entire or parts of the structure subjected to repeat loading;
zh-cn	1 结构整体或局部构造承受反复荷载作用；

en-us	1 The entrance;
zh-cn	1 建筑入口；

en-us	1 The environment temperature on site shall meet those specified in the manufacturer's instruction for adhesive.
zh-cn	1 现场的环境温度应符合胶粘剂产品使用说明书的规定。

en-us	1 The equal time interval model is adopted and assumed that the stochastic processes of all actions Q (t) are stationary ergodic square wave process composed of equal time interval τ (Figure C. 2.4).
zh-cn	1 可变作用近似采用等时段荷载组合模型，假设所有作用的随机过程Q（t）都是由相等时段τ组成的矩形波平稳各态历经过程（图C.2.4）。

en-us	1 The equipment and software must be subjected to product quality inspection according to the requirements of Section 3.2 in the current national standard GB 50339-2003 Code for Acceptance of Quality of Intelligent Building Systems and shall meet the requirements of site acceptance;
zh-cn	1 设备和软件必须按现行国家标准《智能建筑工程质量验收规范》GB 50339-2003第3.2节的规定进行产品质量检查，并应符合进场验收要求；

en-us	1 The equipment and software shall be carried out with product quality inspection according to the requirements of Section 3.2 in the current national standard GB 50339-2003 Code for Acceptance of Quality of Intelligent Building Systems, and shall meet the requirements of the site acceptance;
zh-cn	1 设备和软件应按现行国家标准《智能建筑工程质量验收规范》GB 50339-2003第3.2节的规定进行产品质量检查，并应符合进场验收要求；

en-us	1 The equipment installation and wire cable laying in the surveillance & control center shall comply with Section 3.4 in the current national standard GB 50198-94 Technical Code for Project of Civil Closed Circuit Monitoring TV System;
zh-cn	1 监控中心内设备安装和线缆敷设应执行现行国家标准《民用闭路监视电视系统工程技术规范》GB 50198-94第3.4节的规定；

en-us	1 The equipment interface of the broadcasting system and the third party linkage system shall be completed and shall meet the design requirements;
zh-cn	1 广播系统设备与第三方联动系统设备接口应完成并符合设计要求；

en-us	1 The equipment shall be installed with corresponding software system according to the design document, and the system installation shall be complete;
zh-cn	1 应按设计文件为设备安装相应的软件系统，系统安装应完整；

en-us	1 The equipment wiring shall be arranged reasonably, the interfaces shall be connected correctly and firmly; the wiring insulation shall be free from damage and intermediate joints.
zh-cn	1 设备配线应走向合理，接口应连接正确、牢固；配线绝缘应无破损、中间无接头。

en-us	1 The equivalent base shear method should be adopted for multi-storey masonry buildings;
zh-cn	1 多层砌体结构房屋宜采用底部剪力法；

en-us	1 The equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level in the bedroom during the day shall not be greater than 45 dB;
zh-cn	1 昼间卧室内的等效连续A声级不应大于45dB；

en-us	1 The equivalent uniformly distributed live loads on floors, including the live loads on floors for the calculation of secondary beam, main beam and foundation, may be determined according to the stipulations in Appendix C of this Code.
zh-cn	1 楼面等效均布活荷载，包括计算次梁、主梁和基础时的楼面活荷载，可分别按本规范附录C的规定确定;

en-us	1 The erecting tools shall be complete and in good condition, and the electric tools shall be carried with insulation inspection;
zh-cn	1 安装工具齐备、完好，电动工具应进行绝缘检查；

en-us	1 The exhaust emission of the vehicle and mechanical equipment’s passing in and out of the site shall meet the national annual inspection requirements.
zh-cn	1 进出场车辆及机械设备废气排放应符合国家年检要求。

en-us	1 The fabrication dimension of the mounting bracket of distribution cabinet and box shall match with the dimension of the distribution cabinet and box; the mounting bracket shall be installed firmly and grounded reliably;
zh-cn	1 配电柜和配电箱安装支架的制作尺寸应与配电柜和配电箱的尺寸匹配，安装应牢固，并应可靠接地；

en-us	1 The fabrics shall be tailored according to the design size and folding is e strictly prohibited; if the original fabric has folding marks, the fabric with folding mark shall be cut;
zh-cn	1 按设计尺寸裁剪纤维织物，且严禁折叠；若纤维织物原件已有折痕，应裁去有拆痕一段织物；

en-us	1 The filling content of gravel soil in this table is hard or stiff plastic cohesive soil;
zh-cn	1 表中碎石土的充填物为坚硬或硬塑状态的黏性土；

en-us	1 The final general layout plans, the as-built drawings of individual architectures, structures, services, supporting facilities and underground pipelines, and the relevant acceptance inspection documents;
zh-cn	1 竣工总平面图，单体建筑、结构、设备竣工图，配套设施和地下管网工程竣工图，以及相关的其他竣工验收资料；

en-us	1 The fixation method of cabinets (racks) shall meet the design requirements.
zh-cn	1 机柜（架）固定方式应符合设计要求。

en-us	1 The flat arch entrance of an ice masonry shall not be wider than 3m. The section steel lintel shall be selected based on Table 4.4.17-1.
zh-cn	1 冰砌平拱洞口宽度不得大于3m，并应按表4.4.17-1选用型钢过梁。

en-us	1 The following expression shall comply with for the reliability index of the designed structure or structural member:
zh-cn	1 所设计结构或结构结构构件的可靠指标应满足下式要求：

en-us	1 The following formula shall be met where the inspection is carried out according to the requirements for permissible value of deflection specified in the current national standard GB 50010 Code for design of concrete structures:
zh-cn	1 当按现行国家标准《混凝土结构设计规范》GB 50010规定的挠度允许值进行检验时，应满足下式的要求：

en-us	1 The following formula shall be met where the inspection is carried out according to the requirements of the current national standard GB 50010 Code for design of concrete structures:
zh-cn	1 当按现行国家标准《混凝土结构设计规范》GB 50010的规定进行检验时，应满足下式的要求：

en-us	1 The following positions of the building should be arranged with settlement joints:
zh-cn	1 建筑物的下列部位，宜设置沉降缝：

en-us	1 The following requirement shall be met for the ultimate limit states design of the structure or structural member (including the foundation) regarding failure or excessive deformation:
zh-cn	1 结构或结构构件（包括基础等）的破坏或过度变形的承载能力极限状态设计，应符合下式要求：

en-us	1 The following safety devices or functions must be checked:
zh-cn	1 必须检查以下安全装置或功能：

en-us	1 The form and geometric dimension of the specimen shall be determined according to the test objective. Full-scale specimen should be adopted, the model proportionality coefficient shall not be less than 1/4 in the test;
zh-cn	1 试件的形状及几何尺寸应根据试验目标确定，砌体宜采用足尺试件；当采用模型试验时，模型比例系数不应小于1/4；

en-us	1 The foundation design calculation of all the buildings shall meet the relevant requirements for calculation of bearing capacity;
zh-cn	1 所有建筑物的地基计算均应满足承载力计算的有关规定；

en-us	1 The frames of doors and windows as well as the embedded pipes shall be laid and secured in advance before placing concrete; when securing, protective measures shall be taken to prevent windows from damage and surface contamination;
zh-cn	1 门窗框、预埋管线应在浇筑混凝土前预先放置并固定，固定时应采取防止窗破坏及污染窗体表面的保护措施；

en-us	1 The free bleeding rate for 3h should be 0 and shall not be greater than 1%; water bled out shall be completely absorbed by cement paste within 24h;
zh-cn	1 3h自由泌水率宜为0，且不应大于1%，泌水应在24h内全部被水泥浆吸收；

en-us	1 The frequent value may be determined according to the specified ratio of the total duration when the characteristic value of action is exceeded to the design reference period.
zh-cn	1 按作用值被超越的总持续时间与设计基准期的规定比率确定频遇值。

en-us	1 The fresh air and air exhaust two-way heat recovery devices for rooms shall be arranged in residential buildings designed without central fresh air systems, and the number of the room functioned by the heat recovery system shall not be less than 60% of the main function rooms;
zh-cn	1 未设计集中新风系统的居住建筑，设置房间新、排风双向式热回收设备，设置热回收系统的房间数量不少于主要功能房间数量的60%；

en-us	1 The fresh air and air exhaust two-way heat recovery devices for rooms shall be arranged in residential buildings designed without central fresh air systems, and the room number functioned by the heat recovery system shall not be less than 30% of the major function rooms;
zh-cn	1 未设计集中新风系统的居住建筑，设置房间新、排风双向式热回收设备，热回收系统负担的房间数量不少于主要功能房间数量的30%；

en-us	1 The gas equipment must not be arranged in the bedroom;
zh-cn	1 燃气设备严禁设置在卧室内；

en-us	1 The general lighting of the exhibition room shall be selected according to 20% ~30% of the illumination value of the exhibits;
zh-cn	1陈列室一般照明应按展品照度值的20%～30%选取；

en-us	1 The glare to the athletes, referees and spectators shall be avoided during the whole process of the competition.
zh-cn	1 运动全过程应避免对运动员、裁判、观众造成眩光；

en-us	1 The glass fiber felt or mineral wool felt coiled material with aluminum-foil damp-proof layer shall be arranged under profiled steel sheet; where damp-proof layeris not reinforced by fiber, such materials with tensile resistance as steel wire mesh or glass fiber fabric at the bottom to bear the self-weight of heat preservation material;
zh-cn	1 在压型钢板下设带铝箔防潮层的玻璃纤维毡或矿棉毡卷材；当防潮层未用纤维增强，尚应在底部设置钢丝网或玻璃纤维织物等具有抗拉能力的材料，以承托隔热材料的自重；

en-us	1 The gravity retaining wall is applicable to districts where the height is less than 8m, the ground is stable, and the safety of adjacent buildings will not be endangered when slope is excavated.
zh-cn	1 重力式挡土墙适用于高度小于 8m、地层稳定、开挖土石方时不会危及相邻建筑物的地段。

en-us	1 The grid points of illuminance calculation and measurement for the rectangular area may be determined according to Figure 9.2.2-1.
zh-cn	1 矩形场地照度计算和测量网格点可按图9.2.2-1确定。

en-us	1 The ground deformation may caused by such factors as non-uniformity of building ground, large difference in loadings, complexity in building shape and others, for masonry bearing structure it shall be controlled by the local inclination value, for the frame structure and single-storey bent structure by differential settlement of adjacent column foundation, and for the multi-story or high-rise building and high-rise structure by inclination value; if necessary, the average settlement amount shall also be controlled.
zh-cn	1 由于建筑地基不均匀、荷载差异很大、体型复杂等因素引起的地基变形，对于砌体承重结构应由局部倾斜值控制；对于框架结构和单层排架结构应由相邻柱基的沉降差控制；对于多层或高层建筑和高耸结构应由倾斜值控制；必要时尚应控制平均沉降量。

en-us	1 The grounding form of the low-voltage distribution system in ice and snow scenic areas shall adopt TT or TN-S system.
zh-cn	1 景区低压配电系统的接地形式宜采用TT或TN-S系统。

en-us	1 The grounding of antenna system shall be separated from the grounding of lightning protection system, the equipment grounding shall be separated from the grounding of lightning protection system;
zh-cn	1 天线系统的接地与避雷系统的接地应分开，设备接地与防雷系统接地应分开；

en-us	1 The grounding wire of the main equipotential connecting terminal board of the building shall be directly led from the grounding device; the main equipotential bonding devices in each region shall be connected mutually;
zh-cn	1 建筑物总等电位联结端子板接地线应从接地装置直接引入，各区域的总等电位联结装置应相互连通；

en-us	1 The hardwired connection and equipment interface connection of integrated subsystem shall meet the requirements of Article 10.3.6 in the current national standard GB 50339-2003 Code for Acceptance of Quality of Intelligent Building Systems;
zh-cn	1 集成子系统的硬线连接和设备接口连接应符合现行国家标准《智能建筑工程质量验收规范》GB 50339-2003第10.3.6条的规定；

en-us	1 The heads shall be installed on the same rail and the installation of the heads must be isolated from the rail with insulated materials.
zh-cn	1 磁头应安装在同一根钢轨上，磁头安装必须用绝缘材料与钢轨隔离。

en-us	1 The heat transfer coefficient of the external wall refers to the mean heat transfer coefficient calculated including structural thermal bridge, and the mean heat transfer coefficient shall be worked out according to the requirements of Appendix A in this standard.
zh-cn	1 外墙的传热系数应为包括结构性热桥在内的平均传热系数，平均传热系数应按本标准附录A的规定进行计算；

en-us	1 The heating radiator, distribution box for each household, distribution cabinet for home furnishing, power socket, wired television socket, information network and telephone socket etc. shall be arranged comprehensively with the indoor facilities and furniture.
zh-cn	1 采暖散热器、户配电箱、家居配线箱、电源插座、有线电视插座、信息网络和电话插座等,应与室内设施和家具综合布置；

en-us	1 The heaviest member within the assembly line section shall be within the hoisting capacity of the hoisting equipment;
zh-cn	1 流水段内的最重构件应在起重设备的起重能力范围内；

en-us	1 The height and spacing of waveguide installation brackets (including fixed brackets and sliding brackets) and the distance of the centre of running tracks shall meet the design requirements, and the brackets shall be installed vertically to the running tracks.
zh-cn	1 波导管安装支架（包括固定支架与滑动支架）的高度、间隔距离及与走行轨中心距离应符合设计要求，支架与走行轨应垂直安装。

en-us	1 The height from switch panel bottom margin to the floor should be 1.3m~1.4m;
zh-cn	1 开关面板底边距地面高度宜为1.3m～1.4m；

en-us	1 The height of lighting poles at Tee and Fairway should not be less than 15m, the height of lighting poles at Green should not be less than 18m.
zh-cn	1 发球台、球道灯杆高度不宜低于15m，果岭灯杆高度不宜低于18m；

en-us	1 The height to thickness ratio of ice walls and columns shall suit the following formula:
zh-cn	1 冰墙、柱的高厚比验算应符合下式规定：

en-us	1 The height, horizontal and vertical pointing direction of the loadspeaker shall be determined by the sound field design and the field situation, and shall meet the following requirements:
zh-cn	1 根据声场设计及现场情况确定广播扬声器的高度及其水平指向和垂直指向，并应符合下列规定：

en-us	1 The high signal post shall be installed vertically to the ground and all the signaling mechanisms installed on the same post in the same direction, and lamp position centers shall form a straight line.
zh-cn	1 高柱信号机机柱与地面应垂直安装，同一机柱同方向安装的各个信号机构及灯位中心应在一直线上。

en-us	1 The hook of ceiling fan shall be firmly installed; the hook diameter shall not be less than that of the ceiling fan pin and shall not be less than 8mm; shock resistant rubber pad shall be arranged for the hook pin and the locking device of pin shall be complete and reliable;
zh-cn	1 吊扇挂钩应安装牢固，挂钩的直径不应小于吊扇挂销的直径，且不应小于8mm；挂钩销钉应设防震橡胶垫；销钉的防松装置应齐全可靠；

en-us	1 The horizontal load for suspended crane shall be sustained by relevant bracing systems. The combination of wind load and horizontal load of the suspended crane shall be considered during the systems design.
zh-cn	1 悬挂吊车的水平荷载应由支撑系统承受；设计该支撑系统时，尚应考虑风荷载与悬挂吊车水平荷载的组合；

en-us	1 The horizontal member for bracing underground structure should be subjected to analysis and calculation using the beam-slab structure system;
zh-cn	1 用作支撑的地下结构水平构件宜采用梁板结构体系进行分析计算；

en-us	1 The houses for the aged shall receive a minimum of 2-hour sunshine on the Win-ter Solstice;
zh-cn	1 老年人住宅不应低于冬至日日照2h的标准；

en-us	1 The ice friction coefficient (μ) shall be 0.1;
zh-cn	1 冰摩擦系数（μ）应取 0.1；

en-us	1 The ice masonry over the section steel lintel shall be laid layer by layer in a staggered manner, and the overlapped length of the stagger joint shall be half of the ice block. When there is additional load on ice masonry over the lintel, section steel standard shall be determined through calculation;
zh-cn	1 型钢过梁上部冰砌体分皮错缝搭砌，上下皮错缝长度为冰块长度的1/2，当过梁上部冰砌体有外加荷载时，型钢规格应根据计算确定；

en-us	1 The identifications of equipment and wire cable shall be distinct and clear;
zh-cn	1 设备、线缆标识应清晰、明确；

en-us	1 The illuminance standard value of painting and sculpture exhibition hall does not include the display lighting;
zh-cn	1绘画、雕塑展厅的照明标准值中不含展品陈列照明；

en-us	1 The image quality of the video intercom system shall meet the relevant requirements of the current professional standard GA/T 269 Black-white Video Doorphone System; the sound shall be clear and the sound level shall not be less than 80dB;
zh-cn	1 可视对讲系统的图像质量应符合现行行业标准《黑白可视对讲系统》GA/T 269的相关要求，声音清楚、声级应不低于80dB；

en-us	1 The image resolution and image frame rate shall meet the relevant standards of China;
zh-cn	1 图像清晰度、图像帧速率应符合国家相关标准；

en-us	1 The indication of man-machine interfaces at the consoles shall be accurate and clear.
zh-cn	1 驾驶台人机界面应显示准确、清晰。

en-us	1 The indoor design temperature of the bedroom and living room should be 26℃;
zh-cn	1 卧室、起居室室内设计温度宜为26℃；

en-us	1 The influences of the material temperature, ambient temperature, concrete transportation mode and duration on such performance indexes as the concrete initial setting time, slump loss shall be analyzed and the mix proportioning shall be adjusted in accordance with the ambient temperature, humidity, wind force and the actual conditions of temperature control measures taken;
zh-cn	1 应分析原材料温度、环境温度、混凝土运输方式与时间对混凝土初凝时间、坍落度损失等性能指标的影响，根据环境温度、湿度、风力和采取温控措施的实际情况，对混凝土配合比进行调整；

en-us	1 The inserted depth of columns may be selected according to Table 8.2.4-1, and shall meet the requirements of rebar anchorage length in Article 8.2.2 of this code, as well as, the stability of columns during hoisting.
zh-cn	1 柱的插入深度，可按表8.2.4-1选用，并应满足本规范第8.2.2条钢筋锚固长度的要求及吊装时柱的稳定性。

en-us	1 The inside and outside of the structural components of signaling mechanism and train departure indicator shall be coated with black ready-mixed paint.
zh-cn	1 信号机构及发车指示器结构部件的内、外均应涂黑色调和漆。

en-us	1 The inspection frequency, time, method and participants shall be determined according to the quality control requirements.
zh-cn	1 检查的频率、时间、方法和参加检查的人员，应根据质量控制的需要确定。

en-us	1 The inspection lot of reworked or replaced equipment shall be subject to acceptance again.
zh-cn	1 经返工重做或更换设备的检验批，应重新进行验收。

en-us	1 The inspection on the computer network system shall be in accordance with those specified in Article 5.3.3 and Article5. 3.4 of the current national standard GB 50339-2003 Code for Acceptance of Quality of Intelligent Building Systems;
zh-cn	1 计算机网络系统的检验应符合现行国家标准《智能建筑工程质量验收规范》GB 50339-2003第5.3.3条、第5.3.4条的规定；

en-us	1 The inspection shall be carried out in the test room immediately after the curing period for the poured test pieces reaches 28d; if the inspection date needs to be delayed for some reasons, not only the consent from the parties concerned shall be obtained, but also the delayed date shall not exceed 3d;
zh-cn	1 检验应在浇注的试件达到28d养护期时立即在试验室进行，若因故需推迟检验日期，除应征得有关各方同意外，尚不应超过3d；

en-us	1 The inspection test may be carried out by one organization. When the test result arouse controversy, another test shall be carried out by another organization;
zh-cn	1 试验可由一个检测单位完成，但对试验结果有争议时，应由另一检测单位进行重复试验；

en-us	1 The installation and debugging personnel shall have the corresponding professional qualification or special qualification;
zh-cn	1 安装、调试人员应具有相应的专业资格或专项资格；

en-us	1 The installation coordinates of the antennas in the straight section and curved section shall meet the design requirements and the requirements of the equipment gauge.
zh-cn	1 天线在直线区段、曲线区段的安装坐标均应符合设计要求，并应满足设备限界的规定。

en-us	1 The installation of call-intercom system used for the hospital shall meet the following requirements:
zh-cn	1 医院使用的呼叫对讲系统的安装应符合下列规定：

en-us	1 The installation of equipment and software shall be finished and the parameter shall also be allocated;
zh-cn	1 设备和软件应安装完成，参数应配置完毕；

en-us	1 The installation of equipment, such as the loadspeaker, controller and socket, shall be firmly and reliably; the connection of wire shall be in alignment; the wire number shall be correct and distinct;
zh-cn	1 扬声器、控制器、插座板等设备安装应牢固可靠，导线连接应排列整齐，线号应正确清晰；

en-us	1 The installation of speed measurement devices shall be accurate in position and firmly fixed.
zh-cn	1 测速装置安装应位置精确、固定牢靠。

en-us	1 The installation of the control center equipment and software shall be completed; the cable laying and wiring shall meet the requirements of the design and the product instructions;
zh-cn	1 控制中心设备、软件应安装完毕，线缆敷设和接线应符合设计要求和产品说明书的规定；

en-us	1 The installation of the equipment, devices, boxes, cases and cables of the cable television system shall meet the design requirements and shall achieve reasonable layout, tidy arrangement, fastness and reliability; the wire cables shall be exactly connected and securely crimped;
zh-cn	1 有线电视系统各设备、器件、盒、箱、电缆等的安装应符合设计要求，应做到布局合理，排列整齐，牢固可靠，线缆连接正确，压接牢固；

en-us	1 The installation of the field control unit cabinet shall be standardized, reasonable and easy to maintain;
zh-cn	1 现场控制器箱安装应规范、合理、便于维护；

en-us	1 The installation of the main equipment of each system shall be installed firmly and correctly wired; meanwhile effective anti-interference measures shall be taken;
zh-cn	1 各系统主要设备安装应安装牢固、接线正确，并应采取有效的抗干扰措施；

en-us	1 The installation of the sensor and actuator on site shall be inspected and be standardized, reasonable and easy to maintain;
zh-cn	1 检查现场的传感器、执行器安装应规范、合理、便于维护；

en-us	1 The installation of the server, workstation, net control unit and auxiliary equipment shall be inspected and shall meet the requirements of the design drawings;
zh-cn	1 检查服务器、工作站、网络控制器及附属设备安装应符合设计图纸要求；

en-us	1 The installation position of cabinets (racks) shall be correct, the cabinets (racks) shall be arranged in an orderly manner, and shall be installed stably.
zh-cn	1 机柜（架）安装位置应正确、排列整齐，并应安装稳固。

en-us	1 The installation position of console shall meet the design requirements; the installation shall be stable, firm and convenient for operation and maintenance;
zh-cn	1 控制台安装位置应符合设计要求，安装应平稳牢固，且应便于操作维护；

en-us	1 The installation position of field control unit cabinet should be close to the electric cabinet of the controlled equipment;
zh-cn	1 现场控制器箱的安装位置宜靠近被控设备电控箱；

en-us	1 The installation position of indoor temperature/humidity sensors should keep a distance greater than 2 m to the doors, windows and air outlets; as for the indoor temperature/humidity sensors installed in the same area, their distance to the floor shall be consistent and the height difference shall not be greater than 10 mm;
zh-cn	1 室内温湿度传感器的安装位置宜距门、窗和出风口大于2m；在同一区域内安装的室内温湿度传感器，距地高度应一致，高度差不应大于10mm；

en-us	1 The installation position of reader device shall avoid such severe environment as strong electromagnetic radiation source, damp and corrosivity;
zh-cn	1 识读设备的安装位置应避免强电磁辐射辐射源、潮湿、有腐蚀性等恶劣环境；

en-us	1 The installation position of the electronic boxes shall be determined according to the layout mode of the head cables, and the electronic boxes should be installed close to the signaling equipment room.
zh-cn	1 电子盒安装位置应根据磁头电缆的布置方式确定，宜靠近信号设备机房。

en-us	1 The installation position shall meet the design requirements and the installation shall be stable, firm and convenient for operation and maintenance;
zh-cn	1 安装位置应符合设计要求，安装应平稳牢固，并应便于操作维护；

en-us	1 The installation positions and models of splitter and distributor shall be in accordance with the requirements of the design documents;
zh-cn	1 分支器、分配器的安装位置和型号应符合设计文件要求；

en-us	1 The installation procedure and operating process of the installation of large screen display equipment shall meet the technical requirements of relevant products.
zh-cn	1 大屏安装的安装程序、操作工艺应符合相关产品技术要求。

en-us	1 The installation quality test of the subsystems shall comply with the current national or professional standards;
zh-cn	1 各子系统的安装质量检测应执行现行国家或行业标准；

en-us	1 The insulation materials and the thickness of the sandwich wall shall be selected according to different climatic zonings.;
zh-cn	1 应根据不同气候分区、材料供应及施工条件选择夹心墙的保温材料，并确定其构造和厚度；

en-us	1 The insulation resistance between lines, and between the line and ground shall be measured;
zh-cn	1 应测量线与线和线与地的绝缘电阻；

en-us	1 The intensity (voltage and current) of signal received at the receiving end of track circuit at adjustment status shall not be less than the minimum input operating value required by the receiving equipment.
zh-cn	1 调整状态下轨道电路接收端接收到的信号强度（电压和电流）不应小于接收设备要求的最低输入工作值。

en-us	1 The interior utilization area shall include the sum of the utilization area of bedroom, living room, canteen, kitchen, bathroom, cross hall, passage, storage room, wall cabinet etc.;
zh-cn	1 套内使用面积应包括卧室、起居室（厅）、餐厅、厨房、卫生间、过厅、过道、贮藏室、壁柜等使用面积的总和；

en-us	1 The interlocking of turnouts, signals and track sections on a route shall be guaranteed. If the interlocking conditions are not met, route setting must not be allowed; the conflicting routes must be crosschecked and setting of both route and its conflicting route shall not be allowed.
zh-cn	1 应确保进路上道岔、信号机和区段的联锁，联锁条件不符时，严禁进路开通；敌对进路必须相互照查，不得同时开通。

en-us	1 The internal force calculation shall be carried out according to the following procedures:
zh-cn	1 内力计算应按下列步骤进行：

en-us	1 The joints of the formwork shall be tight;
zh-cn	1 模板的接缝应严密；

en-us	1 The karst cave is relatively small; the foundation base dimension is greater than the cave dimension in plan view and has sufficient support length;
zh-cn	1 洞体较小，基础底面尺寸大于洞的平面尺寸，并有足够的支承长度；

en-us	1 The kitchen utilization area of the dwelling unit of the residential building composed by bedroom, living room (hall), kitchen and bathroom etc. shall not be less than 4.0 m2;
zh-cn	1 由卧室、起居室（厅）、厨房和卫生间等组成的住宅套型的厨房使用面积，不应小于4.0m2；

en-us	1 The large screen display equipment at the control center shall be installed stably and arranged tidily; the images and characters on the screen shall be indicated clearly and the view area shall meet the working requirements.
zh-cn	1 控制中心大屏显示设备应安装稳固、排列整齐；屏幕图像、字符应显示清晰，视野区域应满足作业要求。

en-us	1 The layout and indication method of the indication panel of consoles shall meet the design requirements.
zh-cn	1 控制台表示盘面的布置及表示方式应符合设计要求。

en-us	1 The layout and zoning of machine room shall meet the requirements of Section 23.2 in the current professional standard JGJ 16-2008 Code for Electrical Design of Civil Buildings;
zh-cn	1 机房的布置和分区应符合现行行业标准《民用建筑电气规范》JGJ 16-2008第23.2节的要求；

en-us	1 The layout of no less than 4 lighting columns should be applied for softball field, or the floodlights may be installed on the catwalks above the spectator seats.
zh-cn	1 垒球场宜采用不少于4根灯杆布置方式，也可在观众席上方的马道上安装灯具；

en-us	1 The layout of six or eight lighting columns should be applied for baseball field, or the floodlights may be installed on the catwalks above the spectator seats.
zh-cn	1 棒球场灯具宜采用6根或8根灯杆布置方式，也可在观众席上方的马道上安装灯具；

en-us	1 The lifting tools and lifting equipment shall be selected in compliance with such precast member requirements as shape, dimension, weight and operation radius.
zh-cn	1 应根据预制构件形状、尺寸、重量和作业半径等要求选择吊具和起重设备，

en-us	1 The lighting circuits are controlled through the workstation; the switch and state of each lighting circuit shall be normal and shall meet the design requirements;
zh-cn	1 通过工作站控制照明回路，每个照明回路的开关和状态应正常，并应符合设计要求；

en-us	1 The lighting equipment shall be monitored and the accuracy of control actuation shall be inspected on basis of the outdoor illuminance and time schedule;
zh-cn	1 应以室外光照度、时间表等为控制依据，对照明设备进行监控并检查控制动作的正确性；

en-us	1 The lighting power density limit of the art gallery shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 6.3.8-1;
zh-cn	1 美术馆建筑照明功率密度限值应符合表6.3.8-1的规定；

en-us	1 The lighting standard value of the art museum shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 5.3.8-1;
zh-cn	1 美术馆建筑照明标准值应符合表5.3.8-1的规定；

en-us	1 The lightning protection components and parts shall be fixed firmly and reliably.
zh-cn	1 防雷元器件应安装固定、牢靠。

en-us	1 The live load shall be considered as the local load, or shall be taken as an equivalent uniformly distributed load which is calculated in accordance with the local load.
zh-cn	1 屋面直升机停机坪荷载应按局部荷载考虑，或根据局部荷载换算为等效均布荷载考虑。

en-us	1 The load carrying capacity of member shall be determined according to the structural computation models in the current structural design standard and the parameters in the models shall be adjusted based on actual condition:
zh-cn	1 构件的承载力应按现行结构设计标准提供的结构计算模型确定，且应对模型中指标或参数进行符合实际情况的调整：

en-us	1 The load level and power supply solutions shall be properly designed.
zh-cn	1 应合理确定负荷等级和供电方案。

en-us	1 The load of staff and articles in operation;
zh-cn	1 使用时人员、物件等荷载；

en-us	1 The loading on anchored retaining structure should adopt the active earth pressure multiplied by amplified coefficient of 1.1~1.2;
zh-cn	1 岩石锚杆挡土结构的荷载，宜采用主动土压力乘以 1.1～1.2的增大系数；

en-us	1 The loop installation width and intersection shall meet the design requirements and the cabling at each intersection shall be tight without gaps.
zh-cn	1 环线安装宽度及交叉点应符合设计规定，每个交叉处的电缆走线应紧密、无缝隙。

en-us	1 The loop installation width and intersection shall meet the design requirements and the cabling at each intersection shall be tight without gaps.
zh-cn	1 环线安装宽度及交叉点应符合设计规定；每个交叉处的电缆走线应紧密、无缝隙。

en-us	1 The lower edge of the flexible-wire suspended lamp with lifter shall be 0.3m higher than the worktable surface after the suspension line is unfolded;
zh-cn	1 带升降器的软线吊灯在吊线展开后，灯具下沿应高于工作台面0.3m；

en-us	1 The luminaire efficiency of tubular fluorescent luminaires shall not be lower than that specified in Table 3.3.2-1.
zh-cn	1 直管形荧光灯灯具的效率不应低于表3.3.2-1的规定。

en-us	1 The luminaires shall be installed in the area where it is difficult to form glare;
zh-cn	1 应将灯具安装在不易形成眩光的区域内；

en-us	1 The main bearing stratum of ground refers to the range with a depth of 3b (b denotes the foundation bottom width) under strip foundation, 1.5b under isolated foundation, and thickness not less than 5m (except the general civil buildings less than two storeys);
zh-cn	1 地基主要受力层系指条形基础底面下深度为3b（b为基础底面宽度），独立基础下为1.5b，且厚度均不小于5m的范围（二层以下一般的民用建筑除外）；

en-us	1 The main equipment and materials of the fire alarm and control system shall be selected according to the design requirements and meet the requirements of Section 2.2 in GB 50166-2007 Code for Installation and Commissioning of Automatic Fire Alarm System;
zh-cn	1 火灾自动报警系统的主要设备和材料选用应符合设计要求，并应符合现行国家标准《火灾自动报警系统施工及验收规范》GB 50166-2007第2.2节的规定；

en-us	1 The main lighting source shall be appropriate to the theme of the icescape architecture.
zh-cn	建筑类冰景观光源应根据创意确定，

en-us	1 The main materials, semi-finished products, finished products, architectural components, instrument and equipment used in the project shall be tested.
zh-cn	1 工程采用的主要材料、半成品、成品、建筑构配件、器具和设备应进行检验。

en-us	1 The main materials, semifinished products, finished products, members and accessories, tools and equipment used in constructional engineering shall be subjected to site inspection.
zh-cn	1 建筑工程采用的主要材料、半成品、成品、建筑构配件、器具和设备应进行进场检验。

en-us	1 The management rooms, station halls, platforms and channels of the station shall be equipped with smoke detectors or thermal detectors; and the arrangement of smoke detectors in the rolling stock depots and the control center shall be suitable for large space.
zh-cn	1 车站内管理用房、站厅及站台和通道等区域应设置感烟探测器或感温探测器；车辆基地、控制中心感烟探测器的设置应适应大空间的特点。

en-us	1 The material of water supply pipes laid in cushion layer and wall pipe chase should be plastic, metal and plastic or corrosion-resistant metal, and shall meet the relevant requirements of the current national standard GB 50015 Code for Design of Building Water Supply and Drainage;
zh-cn	1 敷设在垫层、墙体管槽内的给水管管材宜采用塑料、金属与塑料复合管材或耐腐蚀的金属管材，并应符合现行国家标准《建筑给水排水设计规范》GB 50015的相关规定；

en-us	1 The material standard shall provide the water absorption rate and the drying shrinkage limit;
zh-cn	1 材料标准应给出吸水率和干燥收缩率限值；

en-us	1 The materials and equipment shall be accompanied with product qualification certificate and quality inspection report, the equipment shall have product qualification certificate, quality inspection report and instruction book, etc. .; the imported products shall be provided with the certificate of origin and commodity inspection certificate, certificate of quality, test report and installation, application and maintenance manual (in Chinese);
zh-cn	1 材料、设备应附有产品合格证、质检报告，设备应有产品合格证、质检报告、说明书等；进口产品应提供原产地证明和商检证明、质量合格证明、检测报告及安装、使用、维护说明书的中文文本；

en-us	1 The materials shall be saved and consumption shall be reduced, and the macroscopic energy conservation awareness shall be strengthened;
zh-cn	1 应节约用料、降低消耗、提高宏观节能意识；

en-us	1 The maximum particle diameter of coarse aggregate shall not be larger than 20mm for mixed concrete, shall not be larger than 12mm for sprayed concrete, and shall not be larger than 10mm for concrete mixed with short fiber;
zh-cn	1 粗骨料的最大粒径：对拌合混凝土，不应大于20mm；对喷射混凝土，不应大于12mm；对掺加短纤维的混凝土，不应大于10mm；

en-us	1 The maximum particle size of concrete coarse aggregate shall not be larger than one third the thickness of concrete cover outside the section-steel and it should not be larger than 25mm;
zh-cn	1 混凝土粗骨料最大粒径不应大于型钢外侧混凝土保护层厚度的1/3，且不宜大于25mm；

en-us	1 The maximum particle size of the coarse aggregate shall not exceed 1/4 of the minimum size of member cross-section or 3/4 of the minimum clearance of the reinforcements; for solid concrete slab, the maximum particle size of coarse aggregate should not exceed 1/3 of the slab thickness and it shall not exceed 40mm;
zh-cn	1 粗骨料最大粒径不应超过构件截面最小尺寸的1/4，且不应超过钢筋最小净间距的3/4；对实心混凝土板，粗骨料的最大粒径不宜超过板厚的1/3，且不应超过40mm；

en-us	1 The mean square error of height and mean square error of a point at the deformation observation point refer to the mean square error relative to the adjacent datum;
zh-cn	1 变形观测点的高程中误差和点位中误差，指相对于邻近基准的中误差；

en-us	1 The measured values of such parameters as the voltage, current, active (reactive) power, power factor and quantity of electricity of the power transformation and distribution system shall be compared with the workstation readings for the inspection of accuracy and authenticity;
zh-cn	1 应对变配电系统电压、电流、有功（无功）功率、功率因数、电量等参数测量值与工作站读取数据对比，进行准确性和真实性检查；

en-us	1 The measured values of temperature and humidity displayed at the workstation shall be consistent with the on-site measured values of the portable temperature and humidity sensor;
zh-cn	1 在工作站显示的温湿度测量值与便携式温湿度现场测量值应一致；

en-us	1 The measurement shall be carried out when the weather conditions of outdoor have no effect on result;
zh-cn	1 应在室外气象条件对测量无影响时进行；

en-us	1 The measuring points shall be arranged at the center point of each grid (Figure 9.2.3-1), the average illuminance shall be calculated according to the following equation:
zh-cn	1 测量点应布置在每个网格的中心点上（图9.2.3-1），平均照度应按下式计算：

en-us	1 The mechanical property of base plate for roofing and claddingfor which color-coated profiled steel sheet shall meet the requirements of the current national standard GB/T 12755 Profiled Steel Sheet for Building, whose yield strength shall not be less than 350N/mm2 and that for the base plate in buckled connection shall not be less than 500N/mm2.
zh-cn	1 采用彩色镀层压型钢板的屋面及墙面板的基板力学性能应符合现行国家标准《建筑用压型钢板》GB/T 12755的要求，基板屈服强度不应小于350N/mm2，对扣合式连接板基板屈服强度不应小于500 N/mm2。

en-us	1 The megalopolis refer to the urban and suburban cities with non-agricultural population higher than or equal to 1 million;
zh-cn	1 特大城市指市区和近郊区非农业人口100万及以上的城市；

en-us	1 The metal blocking strip (barb plate), metal bead, special double sticky tape and adhesive for carpet surface course laid by solid laying method shall meet the design requirements;
zh-cn	1实铺地毯面层采用的金属卡条（倒刺板）、金属压条、专用双面胶带、胶粘剂等应符合设计要求；

en-us	1 The mixing water should be heated; when the requirements of heat engineering calculation cannot be met only by heating the mixing water, the aggregate may be heated; the heating temperature of the mixing water and aggregate may be determined through heat engineering calculation and shall not exceed those specified in Table 10.2.5;
zh-cn	1 宜加热拌合水，当仅加热拌合水不能满足热工计算要求时，可加热骨料；拌合水与骨料的加热温度可通过热工计算确定，加热温度不应超过表10.2.5的规定；

en-us	1 The mixture proportion for various mortars shall be determined through trial mixing. When the component material is changed, the mixture proportion shall be determined again;
zh-cn	1 各种砂浆应通过试配确定配合比；当组成材料有变更时，其配合比应重新确定；

en-us	1 The model & specification of the connecting and transmission lines between such equipment as the control center server, workstation, printer, net control unit and communication interface (including other subsystems) shall be inspected and be correct without error;
zh-cn	1 检查控制中心服务器、工作站、打印机、网络控制器、通信接口（包括与其他子系统）等设备之间的连接、传输线型号规格应正确无误；

en-us	1 The model and material of electric valve shall meet the design requirements; after sampling test, the valve body strength and the spool leakage shall meet the requirements of the product instructions;
zh-cn	1 电动阀的型号、材质应符合设计要求，经抽样实验阀体强度、阀芯泄漏应满足产品说明书的规定；

en-us	1 The monomer projects of the same project constructed by the same construction unit using the materials, members and accessories, and equipment of the same type, specification and batch from the same manufacturer;
zh-cn	1 同一项目中由相同施工单位施工的多个单位工程，使用同一生产厂家的同品种、同规格、同批次的材料、构配件、设备；

en-us	1 The mortar consistence for making test cubes shall be consistent with that for actual use;
zh-cn	1 制作试块的稠度应与实际使用的稠度一致；

en-us	1 The most top course of brick for each layer of bearing wall;
zh-cn	1 每层承重墙的最上一皮砖；

en-us	1 The most unfavorable non-uniform distribution case of snow load shall be adopted in the design of roof slabs and purlins.
zh-cn	1 屋面板和檩条按积雪不均匀分布的最不利情况采用；

en-us	1 The natural period of structures shall be determined by structural dynamic analysis, and some approximate fundamental natural periods may be calculated according to Appendix F;
zh-cn	1 结构的自振周期应按结构动力学计算；近似的基本自振周期T1可按附录F计算；

en-us	1 The network address of such equipment as server, workstation, communication interface converter and media coder shall be configured according to the network planning and allocation scheme;
zh-cn	1 应依据网络规划和配置方案，配置服务器、工作站、通信接口转换器、视频编解码器等设备的网络地址；

en-us	1 The non-fired wall materials shall not be used where they exposed to the long-term 200℃ above, to quick hot/cold temperature, or to acid medium.
zh-cn	1 非烧结墙体材料不得用于长期受200°C以上或急热急冷的建筑部位，且不得用于有酸性介质的建筑部位；

en-us	1 The non-traditional water sources, such as rain water and reclaimed water shall be chosen preferentially;
zh-cn	1 应优先选择雨水、中水等非传统水源；

en-us	1 The normal compression stress of the concrete at the normal section edge of reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete members shall meet the requirements of the following formula:
zh-cn	1 钢筋混凝土和预应力混凝土构件正截面边缘的混凝土法向压应力，应满足下式的要求：

en-us	1 The number of accessible vehicle parking lot shall not be less than 0.5% of total parking lot in parking space and parking garage of residential district, If multiple parking space and parking garage are arranged, at least one accessible vehicle parking lot should be arranged in each place.
zh-cn	1 居住区停车场和车库的总停车位应设置不少于0.5%的无障碍机动车停车位；若设有多个停车场和车库，宜每处设置不少于1个无障碍机动车停车位；

en-us	1 The number of bolts for fixing lamp holder shall not be less than that of fixed holes in the flange base of luminaire; the bolt diameter shall match with hole diameter and the bolts shall be tightly locked with double nuts;
zh-cn	1 固定灯座的螺栓数量不应少于灯具法兰底座上的固定孔数，螺栓直径应与孔径匹配，螺栓应采用双螺母锁紧；

en-us	1 The number of load tests on treated ground shall be determined according to site complexity and building importance. For the general building on the simple site, the point number of load tests for each individual engineering should not be less than three; more test point shall be added at complex site or for important building.
zh-cn	1 地基处理后载荷试验的数量，应根据场地复杂程度和建筑物重要性确定。对于简单场地上的一般建筑物，每个单体工程载荷试验点数不宜少于3处；对复杂场地或重要建筑物应增加试验点数。

en-us	1 The number of vehicles rinsed simultaneously shall be determined according to the service rack quantity.
zh-cn	1 同时冲洗汽车数量按洗车台数量确定。

en-us	1 The opening in this table height does not include the height of the transom above the door and the width is subject to the sliding door.
zh-cn	1 表中门洞口高度不包括门上亮子高度，宽度以平开门为准。

en-us	1 The operating personnel for fabricating joints of steel reinforcements shall receive the professional training and be qualified for their jobs; the fabrication of splices of steel reinforcements may be carried out after qualified in the process inspection.
zh-cn	1 加工钢筋接头的操作人员应经专业培训合格后上岗，钢筋接头的加工应经工艺检验合格后方可进行。

en-us	1 The operation data collected by the integration system shall be compared with the actual operation data of the equipment;
zh-cn	1 应将集成系统采集的运行数据与实际设备的运行数据进行对比；

en-us	1 The optical workstation shall be installed in machine room or equipment room;
zh-cn	1 光工作站应安装在机房或设备间内；

en-us	1 The outdoor broadcasting transmission cables shall be passed through pipes which are buried underground or laid in cable trenches; indoor broadcast transmission cables shall be passed through pipes or laid in wire slots;
zh-cn	1 室外广播传输线缆应穿管埋地或在电缆沟内敷设，室内广播传输线缆应穿管或用线槽敷设；

en-us	1 The outdoor equipment shall be provided with lightning protection grounding and surge protective device for line;
zh-cn	1 室外设备应有防雷保护接地，并应设置线路浪涌保护器；

en-us	1 The output voltage value testing of various power supply equipment shall meet the design requirements and relevant technical requirements and the power supply equipment shall be free from earthing and power supply mixing.
zh-cn	1 各种电源输出电压值测试应符合设计和相关技术要求，并无接地、混电现象。

en-us	1 The overlapping length of single-row holes small block shall be 1/2 of masonry block length while that of multi-row holes small block should not be less than 1/3 of masonry block length;
zh-cn	1 单排孔小砌块的搭接长度应为块体长度的1/2，多排孔小砌块的搭接长度不宜小于砌块长度的1/3；

en-us	1 The parameter configuration of application software and testing of software function shall be conducted in accordance with the configuration plan, function instructions and operating instructions, and the relevant records shall be made;
zh-cn	1 应按照配置计划、功能说明书、使用说明书进行应用软件参数配置，检测软件功能并应作记录；

en-us	1 The parameters such as liquid level and pressure shall be inspected; the monitoring and alarming of water pump operation state shall be tested and recorded;
zh-cn	1 应对液位、压力等参数进行检测及水泵运行状态的监控和报警进行测试，并应作记录；

en-us	1 The partial factor of a permanent action γG shall not be larger than 1.0 if the permanent action effect is favorable to the load carrying capacity of the structure;
zh-cn	1 当永久作用效应对结构承载能力起有利作用时，永久作用分项系数γG取值不应大于1.0；

en-us	1 The parts which may play the strengthening role immediately and have less effect on the existing structure shall be welded first;
zh-cn	1 对立即能起到补强作用，且对原结构影响较小的部位应先施焊；

en-us	1 The pattern of proof load shall be fundamentally accorded with the primary load on the structure, and the proof load shall not cause irreversible deformation or damage to the structure or member;
zh-cn	1 检验荷载的形式应与结构承受的主要作用的情况基本一致，检验荷载不应使结构或构件出现不可逆的变形或损伤；

en-us	1 The performance and failure mode of specimens shall be compared with the theoretical predicted value, and the reasons shall be explained and additional test shall be made if great difference exists.
zh-cn	1 在评估试验结果时，应将试件的性能和失效模式与理论预测值进行对比，当偏离预测值过大时，应分析原因，并做补充试验；

en-us	1 The perpendicularity error of the column caused by the weld shrinkage of columns and beams;
zh-cn	1 柱、梁焊缝收缩引起柱身垂直度偏差值；

en-us	1 The pile shaft strength shall be checked according to the design values of loads at the pile top;
zh-cn	2 桩、土荷载分配应按上部结构与地基共同作用分析确定；

en-us	1 The pile-type and wall-type retaining system which may be independent retaining like soldier pile, sheet pile, diaphragm wall and soil-cement wall inserted with section steel, or in combination with internal bracing and anchors, is applicable to excavation engineering with limited construction site, poor geological conditions, relatively deep excavation or strict control to the deformation of retaining structure or to the ground deformation of surroundings around excavations.
zh-cn	1 桩、墙式支护可为柱列式排桩、板桩、地下连续墙、型钢水泥土墙等独立支护或与内支撑、锚杆组合形成的支护体系，适用于施工场地狭窄、地质条件差、基坑较深或需要严格控制支护结构或基坑周边环境地基变形时的基坑工程。

en-us	1 The pipe material and tubing adopted for water supply systems shall be in accordance with those specified in the relevant current standards of China.
zh-cn	1 供水系统采用的管材和管件，应符合国家现行有关标准的规定。

en-us	1 The placed concrete shall be covered timely and also shall be cured by watering within 12h;
zh-cn	1 在浇筑完毕后应及时对混凝土加以覆盖并在12h以内开始浇水养护；

en-us	1 The position and elevation shall be derived from the datum point or the design-designated point;
zh-cn	1 位置和标高应引自基准点或设计指定点；

en-us	1 The position and response speed of the induction coil shall meet the design requirements;
zh-cn	1 感应线圈的位置和响应速度应符合设计要求；

en-us	1 The position and watching direction of the selected measuring points of glare shall be determined according to safety accidents, long time watching and frequent watching.
zh-cn	1 眩光测量点选取的位置和视看方向应按安全事故、长时间观看及频繁地观看确定。

en-us	1 The position and width of deformation joint and surface course diving joints, as well as the gap filling quality shall meet the requirements;
zh-cn	1 变形缝、面层分格缝的位置和宽度以及填缝质量应符合规定；

en-us	1 The position of axial line and center line of column shall be measured along both the longitudinal and the horizontal directions and the larger deviation value shall be taken.
zh-cn	1 检查柱轴线、中心线位置时，沿纵、横两个方向测量，并取其中偏差的较大值。

en-us	1 The position of coordinate and center line shall be measured along both the longitudinal and the horizontal directions and the larger deviation value shall be taken.
zh-cn	1 检查坐标、中心线位置时，应沿纵、横两个方向测量，并取其中偏差的较大值。

en-us	1 The power frequency grounding resistance of broadcasting power amplifier and arrester shall not be greater than 4 Ω;
zh-cn	1 广播功率放大器、避雷器等的工频接地电阻不应大于4Ω；

en-us	1 The power supply of video equipment shall be switched on, the video signals and computer generated signals shall be respectively accessed into the display equipment, the image quality shall meet the relevant requirements of the current national standard GB 50348 Technical Code for Engineering of Security and Protection System;
zh-cn	1 打开视频设备电源，将视频信号、计算机信号分别接入显示设备，图像质量应符合现行国家标准《安全防范工程技术规范》GB 50348的相关要求；

en-us	1 The precision of the measuring instruments shall meet the relevant requirements of current national standard GB 10171 Concrete Batching Plant (Building) . The measuring instruments shall be applied with periodic calibration and shall be adjusted to Zero before use.
zh-cn	1 计量设备的精度应符合现行国家标准《混凝土搅拌站（楼）》GB 10171的有关规定，并应定期校准。使用前设备应归零。

en-us	1 The preformed plate shall be cut according to the design size.
zh-cn	1 按设计尺寸切割预成型板。

en-us	1 The probability distribution function, FT (x), of the maximum value of variable action in design reference period T may be determined according to the following equation if the stationary binomial process model is used:
zh-cn	1 当可变作用采用平稳二项随机过程模型时，设计基准期T内可变作用最大值的概率分布函数FT（χ）可按下式计算：

en-us	1 The procedure handover and interface confirmation of the intelligent building systems with such specialties as building structure, building decoration, building water supply and drainage, heating, ventilation and air conditioning, building electricity and lift shall be well done;
zh-cn	1 应做好智能建筑工程与建筑结构、建筑装饰装修、建筑给水排水及采暖、通风与空调，建筑电气和电梯等专业的工序交接和接口确认；

en-us	1 The product standard shall provide both the compressive strength grade and the limit of variation coefficient;
zh-cn	1 产品标准除应给出抗压强度等级外，尚应给出其变异系数的限值；

en-us	1 The production place should be grouped by workshop, work section or working procedure;
zh-cn	1 生产场所宜按车间、工段或工序分组；